References
Figgitt DP, Gillies PS, Goa KL. Levosimendan. Drugs 2001;61:613–627.
Haikala H, Kaivola J, Nissinen E, Wall P, Levijoki J, Lindén IB. Cardiac troponin C as target protein for a novel calcium sensitizing drug, levosimendan. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1995;27:1859–1866.
Janssen PML, Datz N, Zeitz O, Hasenfuss G. Levosimendan improves dastolic and systolic function in failing human myocardium. Europ J Pharmacol 2000;404:191–199.
Hasenfuss G, Pieske B, Castell M, Kretschmann B, Maier LS, Just H. Influence of the novel inotropic agent levosimendan on isometric tension and calcium cycling in failing human myocardium. Circulation 1998;98:2141–2147.
Yokoshiki H, Katsube Y, Sunagawa M, et al. Levosimendan, a novel calcium sensitizer, activates the glibenclamidesensitive K+ channel in rat arterial myocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 1997;333:249–259.
Rump AFE, Acar D, Klaus W. A quantitative comparison of functional and anti-ischemic effects of the phosphodiesterase-inhibitors, amrinone, milrinone and levosimendan in rabbit isolated hearts. Br J Pharmacol 1994;112:757–762.
Kersten JR, Montgomery MW, Pagel PS, et al. Levosimendan, a new positive inotropic drug, decreases myocardial infarct size via activation of KATP channels. Anesth Analg 2000;90:5–11.
Follath F, Cleland JGF, Just H, et al. Efficacy and safety of intravenus levosimendan in severe low-output heart failure. Circulation 1999;100(Suppl.I):I-646.
Slawsky MT, Colucci WS, Gottlieb SS, et al. Acute hemodynamic and clinical effects of levosimendan in patients with severe heart failure. Circulation 2000;102:2222–2227.
Nieminen MS, Akkila J, Hasenfuss G, et al. Hemodynamic and neurohumoral effects of continous infusion of levosimendan in patients with congestive heart failure. J amColl Cardiol 2000;36:1903–1912.
Du Toit E, Hofmann D, McCarthy J, Pineda C. Effect of levosimendan on myocardial contractility, coronary and peripheral blood flow, and arryrhtmia during coronary artery ligation and reperfusion in the in vivo pig model. Heart 2001;86:81–87.
Brown BG, Bolson EL, Dodge HT. Dynamic mechanisms in human coronary artery stenosis. Circulation 1984;70:917–922.
Lilleberg J, Nieminen MS, Akkila J, Heikkilä L, Kuitunen A, Lehtonen L, Verkkala K, Mattila S, Salmenperä M. Effects of a new calcium sensitizer, levosimendan, on haemodynamics, coronary blood flow and myocardial substrate utilization early after coronary artery bypass grafting. Europ Heart J 1998;19:660–668.
Zäll S, Milocco I, Rickstein SE. Effects of adenosine on myocardial blood flow and metabolism after coronary artery bypass surgery. Anaesth Analg 1991;73:689–695.
Nijhawan N, Nicolosi AC, Montgomery MW, et al. Levosimendan enhances cardiac performance after cardiopulmonary bypass: A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1999;34:219–228.
Du Toit EF, Muller CA, McCarthy J, et al. Levosimendan: Effects of a calcium sensitizer on function and cyclic nucleotide levels during ischemia/reprefusion in the Langendorff perfused guinea pig heart. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999;290:505–514.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pieske, B. Levosimendan in Regional Myocardial Ischemia. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 16, 379–381 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022199932485
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022199932485