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Perforation Behavior of 304 Stainless Steel Plates at Various Temperatures

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The effect of temperature on perforation behavior of 304 austenitic stainless steel plates was investigated experimentally. Perforation tests have been conducted at velocities from 80 to 180 m/s and temperatures between − 163 and 200 °C. Low temperatures were obtained using a specific designed cooling device and the temperature distribution on the specimens was verified to be uniform. Based on the experimental results, the failure mode, the initial-residual velocity curves, the ballistic limit velocities and the energy absorption capacity under different temperatures were analyzed. It was found that petalling was the main failure mode during the perforation process. The average number of petals was three at 20 °C or 200 °C and was increasing continuously to five at − 163 °C. The ballistic limit velocity \(V_{bl}\) was also affected by the initial temperature. It increased slightly from 93 m/s at 200 °C to 103 m/s at − 20 °C and then remained constant at lower temperatures. The material showed better energy absorption capacity at low temperatures and this came not only from the temperature sensitivity of the material but also from the strain-induced martensitic transformation effect. According to martensite measurement by X-ray diffraction technique, the martensite fractions along the fracture surface of petals were 87.1%, 66.2%, 52.8% and 32.4% respectively for initial temperatures of − 163 °C, − 60 °C, − 20 °C and 20 °C.

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Acknowledgements

This work of the first author was financially supported by China Scholarship Council under Grant 201606220056. Author from Agadir thanks M. Tomasz Libura from IPPT to participate in the construction of the device allowing to reach high temperatures under dynamic impact and perforation. The system has been developed in agreement between IPPT, Universiapolis Agadir and Lorraine University, patent no. 41383 Kingdom of Morocco (2017).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ENSAM-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Laboratory of Design, Manufacturing and Control (LCFC), 57070, Metz, France

    B. Jia

  2. ENSAM-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Laboratory of Microstructure Studies and Mechanics of Materials (LEM3), UMR CNRS 7239, 57078, Metz, France

    B. Jia & R. Pesci

  3. Lorraine University, UFR MIM, Laboratory of Microstructure Studies and Mechanics of Materials (LEM3), UMR CNRS 7239, 57078, Metz, France

    A. Rusinek, S. Bahi & R. Bernier

  4. International University of Agadir, Universiapolis, Ecole Polytechnique d’Agadir Bab Al Madina, Qr Tilila, Agadir, Morocco

    A. Bendarma

  5. Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Ul. Pawinskiego 5B, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland

    A. Rusinek

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  1. B. Jia
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Jia, B., Rusinek, A., Bahi, S. et al. Perforation Behavior of 304 Stainless Steel Plates at Various Temperatures. J. dynamic behavior mater. 5, 416–431 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40870-019-00208-9

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