Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Plantation crops: climatic risks and adaptation strategies

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Indian Journal of Plant Physiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Beyond its direct effects on weather, climate change will increase both abiotic stresses, such as drought, high temperature, flooding and biotic stresses such as pest and disease pressures on agriculture systems. Plantation crops mainly coconut, rubber, tea, coffee, oil palm, arecanut, cashew, cocoa grown in ecologically sensitive areas like coastal belts, hilly areas and areas with high rainfall and humidity, are under the threat of climate change. The trend in temperature has been increasing while rainfall decreasing significantly since 1980s in tune with the global warming especially across the high ranges, followed by the low lands where predominantly plantation crops are grown. It is observed that drought and high temperature severely limit the yield in plantation crops, yet the interactions among different types of stresses is largely unknown. New crop varieties, cropping systems and agricultural management strategies are needed to provide options to farmers to counterweight these changes. In this chapter the response and adaptive strategies of coconut are discussed with respect to climatic change variable CO2 and its associated consequences like drought and high temperature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ainsworth, E. A., & Rogers, A. (2007). The response of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance to rising CO2: Mechanisms and environmental interactions. Plant, Cell and Environment, 30, 258–270.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Araujo, M. C. (2003). Demanda hidricae distribuicao de raizes do coqueiro anao verde (Cocos nucifera L.) na regiao norte fluminense. Campos dos Goytacazes, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense. MSc. Thesis.

  • Avilan, L. A., & Rivas, N. (1984). Study of the root system of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). Oleagineux, 39, 13–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Azevedo, P. V., Sousa, I. F., Silva, B. B., & Silva, V. P. R. (2006). Water-use efficiency of dwarf-green coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) orchards in northeast Brazil. Agricultural Water Managemant, 84, 259–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhaskara Rao, E. V. V. B., Pillai, P. V., & Mathew, J. (1991). Relative drought tolerance and productivity of released coconut hybrids. In E. J. Silas, M. Aravindhakshan, & A. I. Jose (Eds.), Coconut Breeding and Management. Vellanikkara Thrissur, India: KAU.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chempakam, B., Kasturi Bai, K. V., & Rajagopal, V. (1993). Lipid peroxidation and associated enzyme activities in relation to screening for drought tolerance in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 20, 5–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Child, R. (1974). Coconut (2nd ed.). London: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cintra, F. L. D., Leal, L. S., & Passos, E. E. M. (1992). Evaluation of root system distribution in dwarf coconut cultivars. Oleagineux, 47, 225–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cintra, F. L. D., Passos, E. E. M., & Leal, L. S. (1993). Evaluation of root system distribution in Tall coconut cultivars. Oleagineux, 48, 453–461.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, J. M., DePauw, R. M., & Townlet-Smith, T. F. (1992). Evaluation of methods for quantification of drought tolerance in wheat. Crop Science, 32, 723–728.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, J. M., & McCaig, T. N. (1982). Evaluation techniques for screening for drought resistance in wheat. Crop Science, 22, 503–506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, J. M., Townley-Smith, T. M., McCaig, T. N., & Green, D. G. (1984). Growth analysis of spring wheat cultivars of varying drought resistance. Crop Science Journal, 24, 537–541.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coomans, P. (1975). Influence des facteurs climatiques sur les fluctuations saisonnieres et annuelles de la production du cocotier. Oleagineux, 30, 153–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez, G. C. J. (1992). Effective selection criteria for assessing stress tolerance. In C. G. Kuo (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Symposium on Adaptation of Vegetables and Other Food Crops in Temperature and Water Stress (pp. 257–270). Taiwan: Publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, R. A., & Maurer, R. (1978). Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars: I. Grain yield responses. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 29, 897–912.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foale, M. A. (1993). Physiological basis for yield in coconut. In M. K. Nair, H. H. Khan, P. Gopalasundaran, & E. V. V. Bhaskara Rao (Eds.), Advances in Coconut Research and Development. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomes, F. P., Mielke, M. S., Almeida, A. A. F., & Muniz, W. S. (2002). Leaf gas exchange in two dwarf coconut genotypes in the southeast of Bahia State, Brazil. Coconut Research & Development, 18, 37–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomes, F. P., & Prado, C. H. B. A. (2007). Ecophysiology of coconut palm under water stress. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 19, 377–391.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hebbar, K. B., & Chaturvedi, V. K. (2015). Impact and adaptationstrategiesof coconut to climate change. In Proceedings of Kerala Environment Congress, 2015, being held at Centre for Environment and Development, Thiruvananthapuram during May 06–08, 2015, pp. 73–78.

  • Huang, B. (2000). Role of rot morphological and physiological characteristics in drought resistnce in plants. In R. E. Wilkinson (Ed.), Plant-environment interaction (pp. 39–63). Marcell-Dekker: New York. Pp-.

    Google Scholar 

  • Idso, C. D., & Idso, K. E. (2000). Forecasting world food supplies: The impact of the rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. Technology, 75, 33–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • IRHO-CIRAD. (1992). Coconut-study of yield factors. Oleagineux, 47, 324–337.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayasekara, K. S., & Jayasekara, C. (1993). Efficiency or water use in coconut under different soil/plant management systems. In M. K. Nair, H. H. Khan, P. Gopalasundaran, & E. V. V. Bhaskara Rao (Eds.), Advances in Coconut Research and Development. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co Pvt. Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, J. W., Hoogenboom, G. C., Porter, H., Boote, K. J., Batchelor, W. D., Hunt, L. A., et al. (2003). The DSSAT cropping system model. European Journal of Agronomy, 18, 235–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kasturi Bai, K. V., Rajagopal, V., Balasimha, D., & Gopalasudaram, P. (1997). Water relations, gas exchange and dry matter production of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Coconut Research and Development, 13, 45–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katuri Bai, K. V., Rajagopal, V., & Naresh Kumar, S. (2006). Chlorophyll fluorescence transients with response to leaf water status in coconut. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 11, 410–414.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishnakumar, K. N., Rao, G. S. L. H. V. P., & Gopakumar, C. S. (2008). Climate change at selected locations in the humid tropics. Journal of Agrometeorology, 10, 59–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathes, D. T. (1988). Influence of weather and climate on coconut yield. Coconut Bulletin, 5, 8–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, D. V. (1977). Coconut palm. In T. A. Alvim & T. T. Kozlowski (Eds.), Ecophysiology of Tropical Crops. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naresh Kumar, S., Kasturi Bai, K. V., Rajagopal, V., & Aggarwal, P. K. (2008). Simulating coconut growth, development and yield with the Info Crop-coconut model. Tree Physiology, 28, 1049–1058.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naresh Kumar, S., Rajagopal, V., & Karun, A. (2000). Leaflet anatomical adaptations in coconut cultivars for drought tolerance, pp. 225–229. Recent Advances in Plantation Crops Research, CPCRI contribution.

  • Naresh Kumar, S., Rajagopal, V., Siju Thomas, S., Vinu Cherian, K. M., Hanumanthappa, M., Anil Kumar, B., Srinivasulu, B., & Nagvekar, D. D. (2002). Identification and characterization of in situ drought tolerant coconut palms in farmers’ fields in different agro-climatic zones. In Sreedharan K, Vinod Kumar PK, Jayaram Basavaraj MC (eds.) Proceedings of PLACROSYM XV, Kerala.

  • Passos, E. E. M., Prado, C. H. B. A., & Leal, M. L. S. (1999). Condutancia estomatica, potencial hidrico foliar e emissao de folhas e inflorescencias em tres genotipos de coqueiro anao. Agrotropica, 11, 147–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Passos, E. E. M., & Silva, J. V. (1990). Fonctionnement des stomates de cocotier (Cocos nucifera) au champ. Canadian Journal of Botany, 68, 458–460.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prado, C. H. B. A., Passos, E. E. M., & Moraes, J. A. P. V. (2001). Photosynthesis and water relations of six tall genotypes of Cocos nucifera in wet and dry seasons. South African Journal of Botany, 67, 169–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rajagopal, V., & Kasturi Bai, K. V. (1999). Water relations and screening for drought tolerance. In V. Rajagopal & A. Ramadasan (Eds.), Advances in Plant Physiology and Biochemistry of Coconut Palm. Jakarta: Asian and Pacific Coconut Community.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajagopal, V., & Kasturi Bai, K. V. (2002). Drought tolerance mechanism in coconut. Burot Bulletine, 17, 21–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajagopal, V., Kasturi Bai, K. V., & Naresh Kumar, S. (2000). Adaptive mechanism of coconut palms in the changing environment conditions for higher production. In Extended summaries Vol 2. Natural Resources-Agrobiodeversity, International conference on managing natural resources for sustainable agricultural production in the 21st century, New Delhi.

  • Rajagopal, V., Kasturi Bai, K. V., & Voleti, S. R. (1990). Screening of coconut genotypes for drought tolerance. Oleagineux, 45, 215–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajagopal, V., Shivashankar, S., & Mathew, J. (1996). Impact of dry spells on the ontogeny of coconut fruits and its relation to yield. Plant Rech Dévelopment, 3, 251–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramadasan, A., & Kasturi Bai, K. V. (1999). Leaf area, dry matter production and yield. In V. Rajagopal & A. Ramadasan (Eds.), Advances in plant physiology and biochemistry of coconut palm. Jakarta: Asian and Pacific Coconut Community.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramirez-Vallejo, P., & Kelly, I. D. (1998). Traits related to drought resistance in common bean. Euphytica, 99, 127–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Repellin, A., Daniel, C., & Zuily-Fodil, Y. (1994). Merits of physiological tests for characterizing the performance of different coconut varieties subjected to drought. Oleagineux, 49, 155–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Repellin, A., Pham Thi, A. T., Tashakorie, A., Sahsah, Y., Daniel, C., & Zuily-Fodil, Y. (1997). Leaf membrane lipids and drought tolerance in young coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L.). European Journal of Agronomy, 6, 25–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sage, R. F., & Kubien, D. S. (2007). The temperature response of C-3 and C-photosynthesis. Plant, Cell and Environment, 30, 1086–1106.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, K. A., Brothers, M. E., & Kelly, J. D. (1997). Marker assisted selection to improve drought resistance in common bean. Crop Science, 37, 51–60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shivashankar, S., Kasturi Bai, K. V., & Rajagopal, V. (1991). Leaf water potential, stomatal resistance and activity of enzymes during the development of moisture stress in coconut palm. Tropical Agriculture, 68, 106–110.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian, P., Dhanapal, R., & Palaniswami, C. (2010). Cropping system for coastal sandy soil management. In G. V. Thomas, V. Krishnakumar, H. P. Maheswarappa, & C. Palaniswamy (Eds.), Coconut based cropping/farming systems (p. 231). Kasaragod p: CPCRI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Villalobos, E., Umana, C. H., & Chinchilla, C. (1992). Estado de hidratacion de la palma aceitera, en respuesta a la seguia en Costa Rica. Oleagineux, 47, 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voleti, S. R., Kasturi Bai, K. V., & Rajagopal, V. (1993). Water potential in the leaves of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) under rainfed and irrigated conditions. In M. K. Nair, H. H. Khan, P. Gopalasundaran, & E. V. V. Bhaskara Rao (Eds.), Advances in Coconut Research and Development. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, J. W., & Singh, S. P. (1991). Breeding for adaptation to drought. In A. Van Schoonhoven & O. Voysest (Eds.), Common bean: Research for Crop Improvement (pp. 501–560). Wallingford, UK and CIAT, Cali, Colombia: C.A.B. Int.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yusuf, M., & Varadan, K. M. (1993). Water management studies on coconut in India. In M. K. Nair, H. H. Khan, P. Gopalasundaran, & E. V. V. Bhaskara Rao (Eds.), Advances in Coconut Research and Development. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physiology and Biochemistry Section, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, India

    K. B. Hebbar, Mukesh Kumar Berwal & V. K. Chaturvedi

Authors
  1. K. B. Hebbar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mukesh Kumar Berwal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. V. K. Chaturvedi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. B. Hebbar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hebbar, K.B., Berwal, M.K. & Chaturvedi, V.K. Plantation crops: climatic risks and adaptation strategies. Ind J Plant Physiol. 21, 428–436 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-016-0265-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-016-0265-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation