Skip to main content
Log in

A case of Legionella pneumophila evaluated with CT and ultrasound

  • Case Report
  • Published:
Journal of Ultrasound Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A 36-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department of “SS Annunziata” hospital in Chieti complaining of a sharp chest pain arisen some hours before admission. On examination, the patient looked sweaty; his vital signs showed tachycardia and augmented breath rate; sinus tachycardia and normal ventricular repolarization were observed on ECG, and no abnormalities were observed in the echoscan of the hearth. According to the clinical and electrocardiographic findings, and to previous episode of DVT in anamnesis, a thorax CT scan was performed in order to rule out pulmonary embolism. It showed an “area of parenchymal consolidation involving almost all the left lower lobe with patent bronchial structures”; given the patient’s CURB 65 score, he was then admitted to the pneumology ward where empiric treatment with levofloxacin (750 mg PO once daily) was initiated. Thoracic ultrasound was performed using a multifrequency convex transducer, and the posterior left area was examined through intercostal approach, placing the patient in a sitting position. A subpleural patchy hypoechoic lesion with irregular boundaries was detected; the maximum diameter was 11 cm, and the multiple hyperechoic spots inside it (elsewhere defined as “air bronchogram”) showed no Doppler signal. Given the positive result of the Legionella urinary antigen test, antibiotic treatment was switched to Levofloxacin 1000 mg PO once daily and Claritromicin 500 mg PO twice daily. After 3 days, his clinical conditions improved dramatically. Ultrasound performed after 5 days from the diagnosis showed decreased dimensions of the lesion previously identified (maximum diameter 8.25 cm) and a marked reduction of the hyperechoic spots in it. The patient was discharged in good clinical conditions, and both thorax CT scan obtained after 1 and 4 months from the diagnosis showed radiological resolution of the parenchymal consolidation. The key to ultrasound visualization of pneumonia is its contact with the pleural surface (86–98% in cases of CAP) and the relative loss of aeration of the portion involved by the infection and a concomitant increase in the fluid content. A paradigmatic US image for parenchymal inflammatory infiltrate has not been established yet; anyway, some typical findings, when combined with the clinical features, can confirm the diagnostic hypothesis.

Sommario

Paziente di 36 anni giunge in PS per dolore toracico di tipo trafittivo, ben localizzato, esacerbato dalla digitopressione e dai cambiamenti posturali da circa una settimana. Negli ultimi due giorni riferisce lieve rialzo termico (T max 37.4 °C). Alla visita presenta aumento della frequenza respiratoria e cardiaca con stabilità del profilo pressorio. Riscontro di lieve leucocitosi neutrofila all’emocromo, negatività degli enzimi di miocardiocitonecrosi. Viene eseguito un ecocardiogramma negativo per versamento ed un ECG con riscontro di tachicardia sinusale. Nel sospetto clinico di embolia polmonare viene eseguita una angio Tc del torace che risulta negativa per interessamento arterioso ma mostrante una opacità in sede lobare inferiore sinistra. Veniva introdotta terapia empirica con levofloxacina 750 mg/die ed eseguiti esami per la ricerca dell’agente eziologico responsabile della polmonite (Esame colturale espettorato; Ab anti ChlamydiaAb anti Mycoplasma; Ag urinario Legionella) Tra gli esami di laboratorio si segnalano inoltre: VES 66 mm/h; PCR 11 mg7dL; Procalcitonina 5 ng/mL). Un esame condotto con sonda convex multifrequenza, con paziente in posizione seduta, attraverso scansione intercostale in regione posteriore sinistra evidenzia formazione ipoecogena disomogenea a margini irregolari in sede subpleurica, del diametro massimo di cm 11 circa, con presenza di multipli spot iperecogeni interni (altrove definiti «broncogramma aereo») non caratterizzabile mediante studio doppler. Sulla base della positività dell’Ag urinario della Legionella, inizia ciclo di antibiotico terapia tramite infusione ev di Levofloxacina (1000 mg/die) Claritromicina (500 mg × 2/die). Dopo 5 giorni di terapia, il paziente mostra defervescenza, riduzione degli atti respiratori/minuto e miglioramento dei paramenti laboratoristici (VES,PCR, procalcitonina, formula leucocitaria) Un successivo controllo ecografico dimostra a carico della formazione precedentemente descritta riduzione sia delle dimensioni (dimetro max. 8.25 cm), sia della componente iperecogena interna. Un consolidamento polmonare si rende evidente allo studio US qualora si determini un contatto con la pleura (86–98% per le CAP), con riduzione locale della componente aerea a carico del parenchima polmonare ed incremento della componente fluida. Un pattern ecografico tipico di infiltrato polmonare flogistico al momento non è stato ancora definito ma la combinazione di segni ecografici e clinici può permettere di confermare la diagnosi.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

References

  1. Reissig A, Gramegna A, Aliberti S (2012) The role of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of community-acquired pneumonia. Eur J Internal Med 23(5):391–397

  2. Bourcier JE et al (2014) Performance comparison of lung ultrasound and chest x-ray for the diagnosis of pneumonia in the ED. Am J Emerg Med 32(2):115–118

  3. Chavez MA et al (2014) Lung ultrasound for the diagnosis of pneumonia in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Res 15(1):50

  4. Nazerian P et al (2015) Accuracy of lung ultrasound for the diagnosis of consolidations when compared to chest computed tomography. Am J Emerg Med 33(5):620–625

  5. Ye X et al (2015) Accuracy of lung ultrasonography versus chest radiography for the diagnosis of adult community-acquired pneumonia: review of the literature and meta-analysis. PLoS One 10(6):e0130066

  6. Schiavone C, Romano M (2013) Manuale italiano di ecografia internistica. Ed II. Editore Delfino, Roma. ISBN: 8872874742

  7. Soldati G, Copetti R (2012) “Ecografia toracica” seconda edizione 2012; edizioni medico scientifiche, Torino. EAN: 9788871103167

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alessio D’Angelo.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical standard

The study was performed in accordance with the principles of the declaration of Helsinky as declared revised in 2008.

Human and animals rights

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed consent

For this type of study informed consent is not request.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

D’Angelo, A., De Simone, C., Pagnottella, M. et al. A case of Legionella pneumophila evaluated with CT and ultrasound. J Ultrasound 20, 243–245 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-016-0236-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-016-0236-z

Keywords

Navigation