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Longitudinal stability and control augmentation with robustness and handling qualities requirements using the two degree of freedom controller

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Abstract

This paper presents a practical design of longitudinal stability and control augmentation system (SCAS) using a two degree of freedom (TDOF) controller. It is based on the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) technique in the frequency domain, via spectral factorization. The controller exhibits robustness to plant uncertainties, related with variation due to different operation conditions, and incorporates various aircraft handling qualities (HQ) requirements to comply with certification authority’s requests. The project results in an unique set of fixed gain TDOF controller for a plant dynamics which changes with a \(V_{\text {CAS}}\times x_{\text {cg}}\) envelope. The project is done aiming at the industrial implementation of TDOF controller in fly-by-wire aircrafts.

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Notes

  1. Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm.

  2. Adapted from http://www.wpclipart.com/transportation/aircraft/jet

Abbreviations

\(x_{cg}\) :

Center of gravity (%)

\(\omega _{n}\) :

Natural frequency (rad/s)

\(\phi\) :

Roll angle (rad)

\(\theta\) :

Pitch angle (rad)

\(\psi\) :

Yaw angle (rad)

p :

Roll rate (rad/s)

q :

Pitch rate (rad/s)

r :

Yaw rate (rad/s)

\(V_{\text {CAS}}\) :

Calibrated airspeed (knots)

\(V_{\text {TAS}}\) :

True airspeed (m/s)

\(\mathbf {V}\) :

Velocity vector (m/s)

\(\alpha\) :

Attack angle (rad)

\(\beta\) :

Sideslip angle (rad)

\(\gamma\) :

Flight path angle (rad)

\(\delta _{e}\) :

Elevator angle (rad)

\(\tau\) :

Delay of sensor (ms)

\(\tau _{p}\) :

Phase delay criteria (s)

\(\zeta\) :

Damping factor (dimensionless)

j :

Imaginary number (dimensionless)

\(\rho\), \(\sigma\) :

Weighting factors (dimensionless)

\(\kappa\) :

Steady state gain (dimensionless)

\(\hat{q}(s)\), h(s), k(s):

Controller gains (dimensionless)

\(x_{s}\) :

x axis stability coordinate system (dimensionless)

\(x_{\omega }\) :

x axis wind coordinate system (dimensionless)

\(x_{b}\) :

x axis body coordinate system (dimensionless)

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank to Daniel Siqueira for HQ’s templates, to seniors engineers Paulo Donato and Michel McSharry for the text reviews and finally to EMBRAER and ITA for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. EMBRAER S.A, São Jose dos Campos, Brazil

    Francisco J. Triveno Vargas & Fernando J. de Oliveira Moreira

  2. Departamento de Mecânica de Vôo, Instituto Tecnolôgico de Aeronáutica (ITA), São Jose dos Campos, Brazil

    Pedro Paglione

Authors
  1. Francisco J. Triveno Vargas
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  2. Fernando J. de Oliveira Moreira
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  3. Pedro Paglione
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Francisco J. Triveno Vargas.

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Technical Editor: Glauco A. de P. Caurin.

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Vargas, F.J.T., de Oliveira Moreira, F.J. & Paglione, P. Longitudinal stability and control augmentation with robustness and handling qualities requirements using the two degree of freedom controller. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 38, 1843–1853 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-015-0444-z

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