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Efficiency of Jumping Exercise in Improving Bone Mineral Density Among Premenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis

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Abstract

Background

Jumping exercise is frequently regarded as an optimum strategy for increasing pubertal bone growth, but its role in promoting or preserving adult bone mineral density (BMD) is still undefined.

Objectives

This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the evidence for the influence of jumping exercise on BMD in premenopausal women and to define the effectiveness of high-impact exercise in improving or maintaining female bone health.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Google Scholar and BIOSIS up to 1 September 2013 for jumping exercise influence on BMD in premenopausal women. The search terms used were ‘jumping’, ‘skipping’, ‘brief exercise’, ‘high impact’, ‘bone density’, ‘BMD’, ‘femoral neck’, ‘lumbar spine’, and ‘trochanter’, and the search was limited to females. Six papers met the search criteria.

Results

Six studies on BMD in the femoral neck (Q = 2.63, p = 0.854, I 2 = 0.0 %), trochanter (Q = 2.10, p = 0.10, I 2 = 0.0 %) and lumbar spine (Q = 1.17, p = 0.979, I 2 = 0.0 %) were highly homogenous in determining skeletal responses to jumping exercise. Jumping exercise significantly increased BMD in the femoral neck {weighted mean difference (WMD) [fixed effect] = 0.017 g/cm2, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.014–0.20, p < 0.001} and trochanter (WMD [fixed effect] = 0.021, 95 % CI 0.018–0.024, p < 0.001). However, the lumbar spine seemed to benefit less from such high-impact exercise (p = 0.181). Visual inspection of the plots implicated some degree of asymmetry, indicating a slightly positive treatment effect at the femoral neck and trochanter sites.

Conclusions

Based on meta-analysis of existing studies, the sensitivity of skeletal response to jumping exercise in premenopausal women is significant and site-specific, with significant benefit from high-impact exercise noted, especially at the hip.

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Acknowledgments

This article was based on work funded by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under grant numbers Y2110954 and LY14H070001. Renqing Zhao, Meihua Zhao, and Liuji Zhang have no potential conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

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  1. College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China

    Renqing Zhao, Meihua Zhao & Liuji Zhang

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  1. Renqing Zhao
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Correspondence to Renqing Zhao.

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Zhao, R., Zhao, M. & Zhang, L. Efficiency of Jumping Exercise in Improving Bone Mineral Density Among Premenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 44, 1393–1402 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0220-8

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