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Relapsed and Refractory Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current and Emerging Treatments

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Abstract

Survival rates for children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) exceed 60 % when modern, intensified chemotherapeutic regimens and enhanced supportive care measures are employed. Despite well-recognized improvements in outcomes, primary refractory or relapsed pediatric AML yields significant morbidity and mortality, and improved understanding of this obstinate population along with refined treatment protocols are urgently needed. Although a significant number of patients with refractory or relapsed disease will achieve remission, long-term survival rates remain poor, and efforts to identify therapies which will improve OS are under continuous investigation. The current fundamental goal of such investigation is the achievement of as complete a remission as possible without dose-limiting toxicities, and the progression to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation thereafter. In this review the scope of the problem of relapsed and refractory AML as well as current and emerging chemotherapy options will be discussed.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Drs. Peter Steinherz, Neerav Shukla and Rachel Kobos for their advice and input in developing this paper.

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No funding was used for the development of this paper.

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Drs. Davila, Slotkin and Renaud have no conflicts of interest to report.

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  1. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA

    Jennifer Davila, Emily Slotkin & Thomas Renaud

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  1. Jennifer Davila
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  2. Emily Slotkin
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  3. Thomas Renaud
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Correspondence to Thomas Renaud.

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J. Davila and E. Slotkin contributed equally to this work.

Drs. Slotkin and Davila should be considered co-first authors.

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Davila, J., Slotkin, E. & Renaud, T. Relapsed and Refractory Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current and Emerging Treatments. Pediatr Drugs 16, 151–168 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40272-013-0048-y

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