Abstract
Brivaracetam (Briviact®; BRIVLERA™) is a high affinity synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) ligand available orally (as a tablet or solution) or intravenously (as a bolus or infusion) in various countries worldwide, including the USA, Canada and those of the EU. It is approved as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures (POS) in adults (aged ≥18 years) [USA, EU and Canada] and adolescents (aged 16 to <18 years) [USA and EU] with epilepsy. In multinational, phase III studies in adults and adolescents (aged ≥16 years), oral brivaracetam as adjunctive therapy to other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) was generally associated with significant median percent reductions over placebo in seizure frequency and significant improvements in the proportion of patients achieving a ≥50 % reduction in seizure frequency compared with placebo. These benefits appeared to be sustained during up to 96 months’ therapy in follow-up studies. Whether administered orally or intravenously, adjunctive brivaracetam was generally well tolerated in clinical studies, with the majority of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) being mild or moderate in intensity. In the absence of head-to-head studies, definitive conclusions on the comparative efficacy and tolerability of brivaracetam versus newer AEDs are not yet possible. In the meantime, brivaracetam extends the options currently available for the treatment of POS in patients aged ≥16 years with epilepsy.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Besag FM, Patsalos PN. New developments in the treatment of partial-onset epilepsy. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2012;8:455–64.
Moshé SL, Perucca E, Ryvlin P, et al. Epilepsy: new advances. Lancet. 2015;385(9971):884–98.
Lyseng-Williamson KA. Levetiracetam: a review of its use in epilepsy. Drugs. 2011;71(4):489–514.
Margineanu D, Klitgaard H. Levetiracetam mechanisms of action. In: Levy RH, Mattson RH, Meldrum BS, et al., editors. Antiepileptic drugs. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002. p. 419–27.
Rogawski MA. Brivaracetam: a rational drug discovery success story. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;154(8):1555–7.
Klitgaard H, Matagne A, Nicolas J-M, et al. Brivaracetam: rationale for discovery and preclinical profile of a selective SV2A ligand for epilepsy treatment. Epilepsia. 2016;57(4):538–48.
Matagne A, Margineanu D-G, Kenda B, et al. Anti-convulsive and anti-epileptic properties of brivaracetam (ucb 34714), a high-affinity ligand for the synaptic vesicle protein, SV2A. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;154(8):1662–71.
UCB Inc. BRIVIACT® (brivaracetam): US prescribing information. 2016. http://www.fda.gov/. Accessed 1 Jul 2016.
UCB Pharma S.A. Briviact (brivaracetam): EU summary of product characteristics. 2016. http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/. Accessed 1 Jul 2016.
Lynch BA, Lambeng N, Nocka K, et al. The synaptic vesicle protein SV2A is the binding site for the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004;101(26):9861–6.
Gillard M, Fuks B, Leclercq K, et al. Binding characteristics of brivaracetam, a selective, high affinity SV2A ligand in rat, mouse and human brain: relationship to anti-convulsant properties. Eur J Pharmacol. 2011;664(1–3):36–44.
Nicolas J-M, Hannestad J, Holden D, et al. Brivaracetam, a selective high-affinity synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) ligand with preclinical evidence of high brain permeability and fast onset of action. Epilepsia. 2016;57(2):201–9.
Schoemaker R, Wade JR, Stockis A. Brivaracetam population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response modeling in adult subjects with partial-onset seizures. J Clin Pharmacol. 2016. doi:10.1002/jcph.761.
Stockis A, Kruithof AC, Van Gerven JM, et al. Interaction study between brivaracetam and ethanol in healthy subjects [abstract no. 2.307]. Epilepsy Curr. 2015;15(Suppl 1):332.
Rosillon D, Astruc B, Hulhoven R, et al. Effect of brivaracetam on cardiac repolarisation: a thorough QT study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008;24(8):2327–37.
Stockis A, Hartstra J, Mollet M, et al. Bioavailability and bioequivalence comparison of brivaracetam 10, 50, 75, and 100 mg tablets and 100 mg intravenous bolus. Epilepsia. 2016. doi:10.1111/epi.13433.
European Medicines Agency. Briviact (brivaracetam): EU assessment report. 2016. http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/. Accessed 1 Jul 2016.
Sargentini-Maier ML, Rolan P, Connell J, et al. The pharmacokinetics, CNS pharmacodynamics and adverse event profile of brivaracetam after single increasing oral doses in healthy males. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;63(6):680–8.
Sargentini-Maier ML, Espié P, Coquette A, et al. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 14C-brivaracetam, a novel SV2A ligand, in healthy subjects. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008;36(1):36–45.
Stockis A, Sargentini-Maier ML, Horsmans Y. Brivaracetam disposition in mild to severe hepatic impairment. J Clin Pharmacol. 2013;53(6):633–41.
Stockis A, Watanabe S, Scheen AJ. Effect of brivaracetam on CYP3A activity, measured by oral midazolam. J Clin Pharmacol. 2015;55(5):543–8.
Stockis A, Watanabe S, Fauchoux N. Interaction between brivaracetam (100 mg/day) and a combination oral contraceptive: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Epilepsia. 2014;55(3):e27–31.
Stockis A, Chanteux H, Rosa M, et al. Brivaracetam and carbamazepine interaction in healthy subjects and in vitro. Epilepsy Res. 2015;113:19–27.
Stockis A, Watanabe S, Scheen AJ, et al. Effect of rifampin on the disposition of brivaracetam in human subjects: further insights into brivaracetam hydrolysis. Drug Metab Dispos. 2016;44(6):792–9.
French JA, Costantini C, Brodsky A, et al. Adjunctive brivaracetam for refractory partial-onset seizures: a randomized, controlled trial. Neurology. 2010;75(6):519–25.
Van Paesschen W, Hirsch E, Johnson M, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive brivaracetam in adults with uncontrolled partial-onset seizures: a phase IIb, randomized, controlled trial. Epilepsia. 2013;54(1):89–97.
Ryvlin P, Werhahn KJ, Blaszczyk B, et al. Adjunctive brivaracetam in adults with uncontrolled focal epilepsy: results from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Epilepsia. 2014;55(1):47–56.
Biton V, Berkovic SF, Abou-Khalil B, et al. Brivaracetam as adjunctive treatment for uncontrolled partial epilepsy in adults: a phase III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Epilepsia. 2014;55(1):57–66.
Klein P, Schiemann J, Sperling MR, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, parallel-group study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjunctive brivaracetam in adult patients with uncontrolled partial-onset seizures. Epilepsia. 2015;56(12):1890–8.
Kwan P, Trinka E, Van Paesschen W, et al. Adjunctive brivaracetam for uncontrolled focal and generalized epilepsies: results of a phase III, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose trial. Epilepsia. 2014;55(1):38–46.
Ben-Menachem E, Mameniskiene R, Quarato PP, et al. Efficacy and safety of brivaracetam for partial-onset seizures in 3 pooled clinical studies. Neurology. 2016. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002864.
Klein P, Doty P, Elmoufti S, et al. Predictors of response in patients with epilepsy in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of brivaracetam [abstract no. p0435]. Epilepsia. 2015;56(Suppl 1):111.
Ma J, Huang S, You C. Adjunctive brivaracetam for patients with refractory partial seizures: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Epilepsy Res. 2015;114:59–65.
Tian X, Yuan M, Zhou Q, et al. The efficacy and safety of brivaracetam at different doses for partial-onset epilepsy: a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled studies. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2015;16(12):1755–67.
Chung S, Klein P, Sperling M, et al. Efficacy of brivaracetam (BRV) as adjunctive therapy in partial-onset (focal) seizures among patients with prior levetiracetam (LEV), carbamazepine (CBZ), lamotrigine (LTG), or topiramate (TPM) exposure [abstract no. P2.027]. Neurology. 2016;86(16 Suppl).
Diaz A, Elmoufti S, Schiemann J, et al. Efficacy and safety of adjunctive brivaracetam (BRV) for partial-onset (focal) seizures (POS) in patients with Type IC seizures at baseline: pooled results from three fixed-dose, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III studies [abstract no. P2.042]. Neurology. 2016;86(16 Suppl).
Borghs S, Elmoufti S. Health-related quality of life in double-blind phase III studies of brivaracetam as adjunctive therapy of partial-onset seizures [abstract no. PND80]. Value Health. 2015;18(7):A762–3.
Klein P, Biton V, Dilley D, et al. Safety and tolerability of adjunctive brivaracetam as intravenous infusion or bolus in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2016;57(7):1130–8.
Toledo M, Whitesides J, Schiemann J, et al. Safety, tolerability, and seizure control during long-term treatment with adjunctive brivaracetam for partial-onset seizures. Epilepsia. 2016;57(7):1139–51.
Ryvlin P, Cucherat M, Rheims S. Risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy in patients given adjunctive antiepileptic treatment for refractory seizures: a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomised trials. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10(11):961–8.
Lin JJ, Mula M, Hermann BP. Uncovering the neurobehavioural comorbidities of epilepsy over the lifespan. Lancet. 2012;380(9848):1180–92.
Mula M, Monaco F. Antiepileptic drugs and psychopathology of epilepsy: an update. Epileptic Disord. 2009;11(1):1–9.
Piedad J, Rickards H, Besag FM, et al. Beneficial and adverse psychotropic effects of antiepileptic drugs in patients with epilepsy: a summary of prevalence, underlying mechanisms and data limitations. CNS Drugs. 2012;26(4):319–35.
Yates SL, Fakhoury T, Liang W, et al. An open-label, prospective, exploratory study of patients with epilepsy switching from levetiracetam to brivaracetam. Epilepsy Behav. 2015;52(Pt A):165–8.
UCB Canada Inc. BRIVLERA™ (brivaracetam): Canadian product monograph. 2016. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/. Accessed 1 Jul 2016.
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. The epilepsies: the diagnosis and management of the epilepsies in adults and children in primary and secondary care (NICE clinical guideline 137). 2012. http://www.nice.org.uk/. Accessed 1 Jul 2016.
Ventola CL. Epilepsy management: newer agents, unmet needs, and future treatment strategies. P T. 2014;39(11):776–92.
French JA, Kanner AM, Bautista J, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs I: treatment of new onset epilepsy. Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee and Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society. Neurology. 2004;62(8):1252–60.
French JA, Kanner AM, Bautista J, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs II: treatment of refractory epilepsy. Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee and Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society. Neurology. 2004;62(8):1261–73.
Acknowledgments
During the peer review process, the manufacturer of brivaracetam was also offered an opportunity to review this article. Changes resulting from comments received were made on the basis of scientific and editorial merit.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Funding
The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding.
Conflicts of interest
Sheridan Hoy is a salaried employee of Adis/Springer, is responsible for the article content and declares no relevant conflicts of interest.
Additional information
The manuscript was reviewed by: F. M. C. Besag, ELFT Family Consultation Clinic, Bedford, UK; K. Haas, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; P. Kwan, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; M. Mula, Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Medical and Biomedical Science, St George’s University of London, London, UK; M. Toledo, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hoy, S.M. Brivaracetam: A Review in Partial-Onset (Focal) Seizures in Patients with Epilepsy. CNS Drugs 30, 761–772 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-016-0376-x
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-016-0376-x