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Aufmerksamkeitsbias und Emotionssuppression bei der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung

Attentional bias and emotional suppression in borderline personality disorder

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Zusammenfassung

Fragestellung

Zentrales Merkmal der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) ist eine Störung der Emotionsregulation bei insgesamt vorherrschender negativer Affektivität. Daneben existieren Hinweise auf gestörte Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse, die insbesondere in Bereichen der selektiven Aufmerksamkeit während der Präsentation emotionaler Stimuli deutlich werden (negativer Aufmerksamkeitsbias). Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass die Regulation von Emotionen eng mit dem Prozess der Aufmerksamkeitslenkung und –steuerung verknüpft ist, soll in dieser Studie untersucht werden, ob 1) ein negativer Aufmerksamkeitsbias bei der Präsentation von Filmausschnitten mit ängstlichen Gesichtern nachgewiesen werden kann, und ob 2) ein Zusammenhang zwischen dysfunktionalen Strategien zur Emotionsregulation (Suppression des emotionalen Erlebens) und einem negativen Aufmerksamkeitsbias besteht.

Methoden

Es wurden 18 stationäre Patienten mit BPS und 18 gesunde Kontrollprobanden mittels des modifizierten Fearful face-Paradigmas zur Erfassung der Inhibitionsfähigkeit emotionaler Reize und verschiedener Fragebögen zur Emotionsregulation untersucht.

Ergebnisse

Im Vergleich zu gesunden Kontrollprobanden zeigten Patienten mit BPS im modifizierten Fearful face-Paradigma signifikant langsamere Reaktionszeiten während der Präsentation emotionaler verglichen mit neutralen Filmszenen. Die zweite Hypothese, dass der Aufmerksamkeitsbias mit der habituellen Unterdrückung von Emotionen bei BPS assoziiert ist, konnten wir auf Basis der vorliegenden Daten nicht bestätigen.

Schlussfolgerungen

In dieser Studie konnten wir einen Aufmerksamkeitsbias für negative Reize unter Verwendung von komplexem, bewegtem Filmmaterial nachweisen. Der Zusammenhang von maladaptiver Emotionsregulation und selektivem Aufmerksamkeitsbias sollte in zukünftigen Studien unter Berücksichtigung konfundierender Variablen (z. B. komorbider Störungen) untersucht werden.

Summary

Objective

Emotion regulation dysfunctions marked by negative affectivity are a core feature of borderline per-sonality disorder (BPD). In addition, patients with BPD show disturbed attentional processes which become particularly apparent in the domain of selective attention when emotional stimuli are presented (negative attentional bias). Assuming that emotion regulation is linked to attentional deployment processes, this study aimed (1) to determine whether a negative attentional bias is established by using film clips of fearful faces and (2) to investigate the association between dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies (emotional suppression) and negative attention bias in BPD.

Methods

We investigated 18 inpatients with BPD and 18 healthy control participants using the modified version of the fearful face-paradigm to assess the inhibition of emotional stimuli. We also administered self-report emotion regulation questionnaires.

Results

Compared to the healthy controls, patients with BPD showed significant longer reaction times during the emotional versus the neutral film stimuli in the modified fearful face-paradigm. With regard to the second hypothesis, we failed to find an association between the negative attentional bias and the habitual use of emotional suppression in BPD.

Conclusions

In this study, we could confirm an attentional bias for negative stimuli, using complex, dynamic material. Future studies need to address the impact of confounding variables (e. g. comorbid disorders) on the relationship between maladaptive emotion regulation and selective attentional bias.

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  1. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Bethel, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bielefeld, Remterweg 69–71, 33617, Bielefeld, Deutschland

    Silvia Carvalho Fernando, Julia Griepenstroh, Sabine Urban, Martin Driessen & Thomas Beblo

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  1. Silvia Carvalho Fernando
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  2. Julia Griepenstroh
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  3. Sabine Urban
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  5. Thomas Beblo
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Correspondence to Silvia Carvalho Fernando.

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Fernando, S., Griepenstroh, J., Urban, S. et al. Aufmerksamkeitsbias und Emotionssuppression bei der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung. Neuropsychiatr 28, 121–129 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40211-014-0112-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40211-014-0112-z

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