Zusammenfassung
Screeninguntersuchungen bei Bronchialkarzinomen ermöglichen die Diagnostik früher Tumorstadien und somit potentiell kurabler Tumoren. Die Mehrzeilencomputertomographie (Mehrzeilen-CT) in Niedrigdosistechnik gestattet hierbei als sensitives Verfahren die sichere Detektion auch kleiner pulmonaler Rundherde. Aufgrund der eingeschränkten Möglichkeit in der CT, die Dignität insbesondere kleiner Lungenrundherde sicher zu bestimmen, werden durch Vorsorgeuntersuchungen hingegen zahlreiche unnötige Verlaufskontrollen und histologische Abklärungen indiziert. Trotz der z.T. vielversprechenden ersten Ergebnisse von Screeningprogrammen bei Bronchialkarzinomen ermöglicht bisher keine Studie eine Aussage darüber, ob die Detektion früher Tumorstadien eine Mortalitätssenkung bewirkt. Von daher müssen für die Beurteilung des Stellenwerts der Screeningprogramme beim Bronchialkarzinom die Ergebnisse der zurzeit laufenden großen randomisierten Studien abgewartet werden.
Abstract
Screening for lung cancer can detect tumors at early stages and might therefore identify tumors that are curable. Multislice computed tomography (CT) using low-dose techniques is a sensitive imaging tool for the detection of even small pulmonary nodules. However, due to the limited capability of CT to determine the malignancy of small pulmonary nodules, many unnecessary follow-up examinations and biopsies are required. Notwithstanding promising first results of lung cancer screening trials, there is, up to now, no study out that allows an evaluation, if the detection of early tumor stages is associated with a reduction of mortality. Therefore, final analyses of ongoing randomized controlled trials for lung cancer screening have to be awaited to assess the value of lung cancer screening programs.
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Goßmann, A. Bronchialkarzinom – Früherkennung. Onkopipeline 3, 94–98 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s15035-010-0188-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s15035-010-0188-2