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A Xenogenic Bone Derivative as a Potential Adjuvant for Bone Regeneration and Implant Osseointegration: An In Vitro Study

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Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Aims and scope

Abstract

Several clinical conditions may limit the success of bone regeneration and/or implant osseointegration. For this reason, many compounds have been tested for their ability to stimulate this biological process. Synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA), mimicking natural bone hydroxyapatite, and extra-cellular matrix proteins, such as type I collagen, are potential candidates. However, the synthetic origin of HA and the denaturing conditions required for extracting collagen from skin and derma are sources of potential drawbacks. This study examines the in vitro effects of a natural bone derivative (NBD) extracted from equine bone and containing both natural, non-synthetic bone hydroxyapatite and native, non-denatured, type I bone collagen as a possible active compound for stimulating bone regeneration and implant osseointegration. The activity of NBD was tested on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), evaluating their growth/viability by the methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay and their migration potential by a scratch assay. Moreover, expression of the hyaluronic acid receptor (CD44) and the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4, CD184) on the surface of BMSCs was assessed by flow cytometry, and the release of Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β, Interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-6 was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effect of NBD-coated implants on human osteoblasts was tested by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity with the p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) degradation test. NBD stimulated BMSC growth/viability, migration, CD184 surface expression and the release of TGF-β1. NBD-coated implants increased ALP activity of human osteoblasts. These results indicate that NBD may be an adjuvant to accelerate both bone regeneration and osseointegration.

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Acknowledgements

This work was partially sponsored by Bioteck, which donated the Natural Bone Derivative, and by Akimedix, which provided the coating process for the fixtures. Data belong to the authors, and by no means did the manufacturers interfere with the conduct of the research or the publication of its results.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy

    Graziella Bellone, Barbara Vizio, Tiziana Scirelli & Giorgio Emanuelli

Authors
  1. Graziella Bellone
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  2. Barbara Vizio
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  3. Tiziana Scirelli
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  4. Giorgio Emanuelli
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Correspondence to Graziella Bellone.

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Ethical statement

Mandibular bone samples were collected from the lower jaw of two donor patients undergoing periodontal surgery. Because of the small sizes of the collected samples, sampling procedures did not cause any additional trauma to the operated jaw. Both of the donor patients gave their written informed consent. Ex-vivo study procedures complied with the Helsinki Declaration.

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Bellone, G., Vizio, B., Scirelli, T. et al. A Xenogenic Bone Derivative as a Potential Adjuvant for Bone Regeneration and Implant Osseointegration: An In Vitro Study. Tissue Eng Regen Med 14, 243–251 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-017-0029-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-017-0029-2

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