Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Does bromine atom-free radical (Br·) undergo a chemical reaction before dimerization to dibromine (Br2)? An electrochemical investigation

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The important question, does bromine atom free radical, Br·, undergo a chemical reaction with a substrate before it dimerizes to dibromine Br2, is investigated through electrochemical oxidation of bromide ion Br−. Cyclic voltammetry and spectrophotometry were used as electro-oxidation and monitoring devices. Simulation of cyclic voltammogram was used to obtain information about the mechanism of electro-oxidation process as well as reaction with substrates. It is shown that the primary electro-oxidation product (PEOP) of Br−, Br· (bromine atom-free radical), reacts with chemicals like chloroform, glycine, cytosine, etc. It can also dimerize, for example in acetonitrile. Reactions of PEOP Br· with substrate chloroform, acetone, DNA components adenine, cytosine, thymine and amino acid glycine were studied and their kinetics are reported here.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M. Mohammad, A. Dar, S. Jahangir, I.A. Tahiri, M.S. Subhani, K.M. Khan, in Innovations in Chemical Biology, ed. by Bilge Sener (Springer Science + Business media, 2009), p. 26. and references therein, M. Mohammad, A. Dar, S. Jahangir, M. Tahir Soomro, M. Tariq, M. Latif, Int. J. Gen. Mol. Biol. 1, 105 (2009)

  2. M. Mohammad, M. Tariq, M.T. Soomro, Mol. Biotechnol. 37, 92 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  3. M. Mohammad, M. Tariq, M.T. Soomro, Collect. Czech. Chem. C. 75, 1061 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. K.J. Vetter, Z. Electrochem. C. 55, 121 (1951)

  5. K.J. Vetter, Z. Phys. Chem. 199, 22 (1952)

  6. A.I. Popov, D.H. Geske, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80, 1340 (1958)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. G. Yun-Fang, Y. Li-Li, L. Qing-Qing, M. Chun-An, Acta. Phys-Chim. Sin. 25, 1421 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Unpublished results; also see I. A. Tahiri, Direct and Indirect Electrochemical Attack on Cancer Cells. Ph.D. Thesis, Quaid-i- Azam University, Islamabad, 2008

  9. T. Iwasita, M.C. Giordano, Electrochim. Acta 14, 1045 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. G. Casalbore, M. Mastragostino, S. Valcher, J. Electroanal. Chem. 87, 411 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Israel Rubinstein, J. Phys. Chem. 65, 1899 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. J. Malyszko, E. Malyszko, E. Rutkowska-Ferchichi, M. Kaczor, Anal. Chim. Acta 376, 357 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. T. Su. Julius, A.H. Zewail, J. Phys. Chem. A. 102, 4082 (1998)

  14. G. Merényi, J. Lind, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 7872 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. D. Nematollahi, N. Akaberi, Molecules 6, 639 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. G.D. Allen, M.C. Buzzo, I.G. Davies, C. Villagram, C. Hardcare, R.G. Compton, J. Phys. Chem. B. 108, 16322 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. G.D. Allen, M.C. Buzzo, C. Villagram, C. Hardcare, R.G. Compton, J. Electroanal. Chem. 575, 311 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. M. Tariq, Electrochemical production of bromine atom free radical and its reactions with biologically active and important compounds. Ph.D. thesis, Karachi University, 2010

  19. R.S. Nisholson, I. Shain, Anal. Chem. 36, 706 (1964)

  20. A.J. Bard, L.R. Faulkner, Electrochemical Methods, Fundamentals and applications (Wiley, New York, Inc, 2001)

    Google Scholar 

  21. M. Mohammad, A.Y. Khan, M.S. Subhani, S. Ahmed, N. Bibi, S. Saleemi, Res. Chem. Intermediates. 17, 259 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. R. Bianchini, C. Chiappe, J. Org. Chem. 57, 6474 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. H. Sharghi, A.R. Massah, M. Abedi, Talanta 49, 531 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Financial support for this research was provided by Higher Education Commission, Pakistan, under Foreign Faculty Program.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan

    Muhammad Tariq

  2. Reactive Intermediates-Free Radical Chemistry Group, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan

    Muhammad Tariq, M. Mohammad & A. Dar

  3. Chemistry Department Federal Urdu University of Science and Technology, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan

    I. A. Tahiri

Authors
  1. Muhammad Tariq
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Mohammad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. I. A. Tahiri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. Dar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Muhammad Tariq or M. Mohammad.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

None.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tariq, M., Mohammad, M., Tahiri, I.A. et al. Does bromine atom-free radical (Br·) undergo a chemical reaction before dimerization to dibromine (Br2)? An electrochemical investigation. J IRAN CHEM SOC 13, 279–287 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-015-0735-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-015-0735-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation