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Gastric and esophageal metastases in renal cell carcinoma: systematic review and management options

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Abstract

Renal cell cancer (RCC) has been rarely reported as a cause of gastric (GM) or esophageal metastases (EM). The aim of this review was to study the clinical characteristics, management, and outcome of GM and EM in RCC. A systematic review of the literature was conducted by searching four major online databases. Sixty-eight cases were identified: 64 with GM, and 6 with EM (2 had coincident GM and EM). GM presented more often with anemia and gastrointestinal bleeding, were more frequent in the body or fundus, and used to be single. Median interval from diagnosis of RCC to GM (IGM) was 54 months (range 0–288). Cases reported after year 2004 demonstrate an increasing tendency to use endoscopic resections and to perform less aggressive surgical procedures for GM. Bleeding (p = 0.009), melena (p = 0.024), and an IGM ≤ 54 months (p = 0.055) occurred more often in women. Both larger GM (p = 0.015) and a shorter IGM (p = 0.004) were more frequent when there were metastases in other organs. We report the largest review to date on GM and EM in RCC, and we show the increasing tendency to use less aggressive treatments for GM in the last decade. Female sex may be a risk factor for bleeding of GM. Female sex, larger GM and a shorter IGM, may be associated with a more aggressive disease in RCC. The possible treatment options for these rare entities are also discussed.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr. Joo Yun Park for the translation of the Korean paper by Ko WO et al.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Oncology Department, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Center affiliate to the “Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa (RD12/0036/006)”, Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Santiago Cabezas-Camarero, Javier Puente, Aránzazu Manzano, Héctor Callata, Carlos Aguado de la Rosa, José Luis González-Larriba, Miguel Sotelo & Eduardo Díaz-Rubio

  2. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Center affiliate to the “Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa (RD12/0036/006)”, Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Eduardo Ayala

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  1. Santiago Cabezas-Camarero
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Cabezas-Camarero, S., Puente, J., Manzano, A. et al. Gastric and esophageal metastases in renal cell carcinoma: systematic review and management options. Int Canc Conf J 4, 1–12 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13691-014-0202-6

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