Riassunto
Le reazioni a punture da imenotteri costituiscono una causa piuttosto frequente di accesso al pronto soccorso. Il caso descritto riguarda un uomo di 51 anni presentatosi al pronto soccorso per una reazione generalizzata di prurito, successiva a punture multiple estese a più parti del corpo. Gli esami di laboratorio, previsti nel profilo diagnostico, hanno evidenziato un tempo parziale di tromboplastina attivata (aPTT) non coagulabile. Il dato di laboratorio, anche se non accompagnato a una franca diatesi emorragica, ha indotto in via precauzionale un periodo di osservazione ospedaliera. Dopo circa un giorno e in seguito a terapia cortisonica, antistaminica ed eparinica il quadro clinico e laboratoristico si è normalizzato consentendo la dimissione del paziente. I test di approfondimento hanno evidenziato come i valori di aPTT siano stati determinati da una rapida, marcata e transitoria riduzione dei fattori della coagulazione coinvolti nella via intrinseca attribuibile al veleno iniettato dagli imenotteri. Il caso evidenzia come sia importante il dato di laboratorio e quanto siano determinanti la ricerca della sua plausibilità, la sua comunicazione e la sua corretta collocazione nel quadro clinico del paziente.
Summary
The reactions to Hymenoptera stings are a cause of frequent access to the emergency room. A 51-year-old man arrived to the emergency room complaining of a cutaneous reaction involving almost the 70% of the body surface which followed of few hours multiple Hymenoptera bites. Laboratory tests, provided in the diagnostic profile, showed an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) not coagulable. The laboratory data, even if not accompanied by a other signs or symptoms haemorrhagic, has led in a precautionary an observation period in hospital. After almost a day of cortisone, antihistaminic and heparin therapy the clinical picture and laboratory values returned to normal and the patient has been discharged.
The second levels coagulation’s tests have shown that the aPTT values have been determined by suddenly, marked and transient reduction of coagulation factors involved in the intrinsic pathway due to the venom injected by Hymenoptera. This clinical case shows how important are the interrelations among laboratory data, their significance and their relevance to underpin the clinical diagnosis and to prescribe the correct therapy and follow-up in each single case.
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Moretti, M., Pieretti, B., Sadori, M.R. et al. Un tempo di tromboplastina parziale attivato (aPTT) che non ti aspetti. Riv Ital Med Lab 12, 182–186 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13631-016-0119-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13631-016-0119-5