Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Novel Reversible Data Hiding Algorithm Based on Probabilistic XOR Secret Sharing in Wavelet Transform Domain

  • Research Article - Computer Engineering and Computer Science
  • Published:
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In recent years, a lot of data hiding algorithms have been proposed in the literature. Providing high payload capacity, high visual quality, and robustness is the main aim of data hiding algorithms. However, high visual quality and high payload capacity are inversely proportional. For this reason, we used a probabilistic method. Probabilistic method is one of the soft computing methods. In this paper, a new data hiding algorithm based on probabilistic XOR secret sharing (PXORSS) in lifting wavelet transform (LWT) domain is proposed for providing high capacity and high visual quality. Previous studies have used cover images as RGB images or multiple grayscale images. LWT is proposed to use secret-sharing-based data hiding algorithms with a single grayscale cover image. In the proposed method, we used low–high (LH), high–low (HL), and high–high (HH) high-pass filter bands as cover images, and the secret data are divided into three secret shares by using PXORSS scheme. The least distorted pieces of probabilities are embedded into the high-pass filter bands as the secret share of the host image. We obtained high capacity and high visual quality in LWT domain by using the proposed method.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Lin C.C., Liu X.L., Yuan S.M.: Reversible data hiding for VQ-compressed images based on search-order coding and state-codebook mapping. Inf. Sci. 293, 314–326 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Nair N.S., Mathew T., Neethu A.S., Viswanath V.P., Nair M.S., Wilscy M.: A proactive approach to reversible data hiding in encrypted images. Proc. Comput. Sci. 46, 1510–1517 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Wu X., Sun W.: Random grid-based visual secret sharing for general access structures with cheat-preventing ability. J. Syst. Softw. 85(5), 1119–1134 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Nazari S., Moghadam A.M.E., Moin M.S.: A novel image steganography scheme based on morphological associative memory and permutation schema. Secur. Commun. Netw. 8(2), 110–121 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Choi Y., Aizawa K.: Digital watermarking technique using block correlation of DCT coefficients. Electron. Commun. Jpn. (Part II: Electronics) 85(9), 23–31 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Govind P.V.S., Wilscy M.: A new reversible data hiding scheme with improved capacity based on directional interpolation and difference expansion. Proc. Comput. Sci. 46, 491–498 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Liu J.F., Tian Y.G., Han T., Yang C.F., Liu W.B.: LSB steganographic payload location for JPEG-decompressed images. Digital Signal Process. 38, 66–76 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Lou D.C., Hu C.H.: LSB steganographic method based on reversible histogram transformation function for resisting statistical steganalysis. Inf. Sci. 188, 346–358 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Lee S.H.: DWT based coding DNA watermarking for DNA copyright protection. Inf. Sci. 273, 263–286 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Lin Y.K.: A data hiding scheme based upon DCT coefficient modification. Comput. Stand. Interfaces 36(5), 855–862 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Shamir A.: How to share a secret. Commun. ACM 22(11), 612–613 (1979)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Naor, M.; Shamir, A.: Visual cryptography. In: De Santis, A.(ed.) Advances in Cryptology—EUROCRYPT’94. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 950, pp. 1–12. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (1994)

  13. Sencar H.T., Ramkumar M., Akansu A.N.: Data Hiding Fundamentals and Applications, Content Security in Digital Media. Elsevier Academic Press, Boston (2004)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Miller, A.: Least Significant Bit Embeddings: Implementation And Detection (2012)

  15. Schyndel, R.G.V.; Tirkel, A.Z.; Osborne, C.F.: A digital watermark. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference of Image Processing 2, pp. 86–90, Austin, Texas (1994)

  16. Sun, G.; Yu, Y.: DWT based watermarking algorithm of color images. In: Second IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Application, pp. 1823–1826 (2007)

  17. Lee C.-W., Tsai W.-H.: A secret-sharing-based method for authentication of grayscale document images via the use of the PNG image with a data repair capability. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 21(1), 207–218 (2011)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Lee, C.-W.; Tsai, W.-H.: A data hiding method based on information sharing via PNG images for applications of color image authentication and metadata embedding. Signal Process. 93(7), 2010–2025 (2013)

  19. Gurung S., Chakravorty M., Agarwal A., Ghose M.K.: Multiple information hiding using circular random grids. Proc. Comput. Sci. 48, 65–72 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Tu S.-F., Hsu C.-S.: Protecting secret documents via a sharing and hiding scheme. Inf. Sci. 279(20), 52–59 (2014)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. Yuan H.D.: Secret sharing with multi-cover adaptive steganography. Inf. Sci. 254, 197–212 (2014)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Tuncer, T.; Avci, E.: A reversible data hiding algorithm based on probabilistic DNA-XOR secret sharing scheme for color images Displays 41, 1–8 (2016)

  23. Sweldens W.: The lifting scheme: a construction of second generation wavelets. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 29(2), 511–546 (1998)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. Jia, Z.-Z.; Zhu, H.-Y.; Cheng, W.-S.: A blind watermarking algorithm based on lifting wavelet transform and scrambling technology. In: International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE), pp. 4576–4579 (2010)

  25. Verma V.S., Jhab R.K., Ojha A.: Significant region based robust watermarking scheme in lifting wavelet transform domain. Expert Syst. Appl. 42, 8184–8197 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Makbol N.M., Khoo B.E.: A new robust and secure digital image watermarking scheme based on the integer wavelet transform and singular value decomposition. Digital Signal Process. 33, 134–147 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Wang, D.; Li, X.; Yi, F.: Probabilistic (n,n) visual secret sharing scheme for grayscale images. In: Information Security and Cryptology, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4990, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 192–200 (2007)

  28. SIPI Image Database. http://sipi.usc.edu/database/. Access Date 16 June 2015

  29. Zengzhen M.: Image quality assessment in multiband DCT domain based on SSIM. Optik 125, 6470–6473 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Kamran, A.; Khan, Malik, S.A.: A high capacity reversible watermarking approach for authenticating images: Exploiting down-sampling, histogram processing, and block selection. Inf. Sci. 256, 162–183 (2014)

  31. Luo H., Yu F.X., Chen H., Huang Z.L., Li H., Wang P.H.: Reversible data hiding based on block median preservation. Inf. Sci. 181, 308–328 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Lin C.C., Tsai W.H.: Secret image sharing with steganography and authentication. J. Syst. Softw. 73, 405–414 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Yang C.N., Chen T.S., Yu K.H., Wang C.C.: Improvements of image sharing with steganography and authentication. J. Syst. Softw. 80, 1070–1076 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Chang C.C., Hsieh Y.P., Lin C.H.: Sharing secrets in stego images with authentication. Pattern Recognit. 41(10), 3130–3137 (2008)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  35. Eslami Z., Ahmadabadi J.Z.: Secret image sharing with authentication-chaining and dynamic embedding. J. Syst. Softw. 84, 803–809 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Software Engineering, Technology Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey

    Engin Avci

  2. Department of Digital Forensic Engineering, Technology Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey

    Turker Tuncer

  3. Department of Electrical and Electronical Engineering, Technology Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey

    Derya Avci

Authors
  1. Engin Avci
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Turker Tuncer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Derya Avci
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Turker Tuncer.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Avci, E., Tuncer, T. & Avci, D. A Novel Reversible Data Hiding Algorithm Based on Probabilistic XOR Secret Sharing in Wavelet Transform Domain. Arab J Sci Eng 41, 3153–3161 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-016-2124-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-016-2124-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation