Abstract
This paper describes a traveling wave-based fault location in power systems without using global positioning system (GPS) timing. To extract the transient wave from the recorded waves at the bus bars, wavelet denoising is used. The residual signal in this procedure has a large amount of information about the fault. The proposed algorithm uses the statistical analysis parameters of the traveling wave as the inputs of a defined artificial neural network. All the possible fault types are generated using the ATP-EMTP and results are discussed. Extensive simulation studies indicate that proposed network has a reliable response. 0.92 % Average error shows the power of this algorithm against the reactance-based techniques. In contrary, this is a higher error than the traveling wave-based fault location using GPS timing. Nevertheless, in proposed method because of omitting complicated utilities such as GPS receiver, the costs will be decreased and a higher degree of performance in an efficient manner is achieved.
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Abbreviations
- GPS:
-
Global positioning system
- ANN:
-
Artificial neural network
- FT:
-
Fourier transform
- STFT:
-
Short time-Fourier transform
- WT:
-
Wavelet transform
- DWT:
-
Discrete wavelet transform
- D:
-
Detail component
- A:
-
Approximation component
- SLG:
-
Single line to ground
- DLG:
-
Double line to ground
- LL:
-
Line to line
- LLL:
-
Line to line to line
- LLG:
-
Line to line to ground
- a 0 :
-
Fixed dilation step parameter
- b 0 :
-
Location parameter
- u i (k):
-
The ith input to the network
- h j (k):
-
The sum of inputs to the jth recurrent neuron
- y j (k):
-
The output of the jth recurrent neuron
- o(k):
-
The output of network
- g :
-
The activation function
- W I :
-
Input weight
- W H :
-
Recurrent weight
- W O :
-
Output weight
- η :
-
The learning rate
- α :
-
The momentum factor
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Mosavi, M.R., Tabatabaei, A. Wavelet and Neural Network-Based Fault Location in Power Systems Using Statistical Analysis of Traveling Wave. Arab J Sci Eng 39, 6207–6214 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-014-1158-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-014-1158-8