Abstract
The aim of this study was to report traditional and statistical optimization of fermentation conditions for chitinase production by a novel bacterial strain, Citrobacter freundii haritD11 isolated from marine sediment. A sequential optimization methodology comprising of traditional one-variable-at-a-time approach and response surface methodology was applied to enhance the fermentative production of chitinase under solid-state fermentation using shrimp shellfish waste. Maximum chitinase activity (128.47 U/gds) was obtained at basic optimum conditions. To improve the chitinase production activity, chosen parameters were further optimized statistically through Box–Behnken method and the critical levels of the three examined independent variables as predicted from the model are 34.6 °C of temperature, 58.19 % v/w moisture content and 2.36 % w/w yeast extract concentration. At these conditions, predicted chitinase activity of 141.787 U/gds was observed, a verification experiment was accomplished and the experimental value was 143.15 U/gds at the critical conditions predicted. Statistical optimization showed 1.1-fold of improved chitinase activity compared to traditional one-variable-at-a-time method. Hence fermentation of shrimp waste for chitinase production using Citrobacter showed biodegradation of the chitinous waste and concomitantly the enzyme was reported to have antifungal activity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akhnazarova, S.; Kafarov, V.: Experiment Optimization in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Mir Publications, Moscow, pp. 245–262 (1982)
Hamid R., Khan M.A., Mahboob A., Malik Mobeen A., Malik Zainul A., Javed M., Saleem J.: Chitinases, an update. J. Pharm. Bioall. Sci. 5, 21–29 (2013)
Gohel V., Anil S., Maisuria V., Phadnis A., Chhatpar H.S.: Bioprospecting and antifungal potential of chitinolytic microorganisms. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 5, 54–72 (2006)
Kim, S.-K.: Marine Nutraceuticals, Prospects and Perspectives. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 315–319 (2013)
Prakasham R.S., Subba Rao C.H., Sarma P.N.: Green gram husk-an in expensive substrate for alkaline protease production by Bacillus sp., in solid state fermentation. Bioresour. Technol. 97, 1449–1454 (2006)
Matlob, A.S.; Kamarudin, R.A.; Jubri, Z.; Ramli, Z.: Response surface methodology for optimizing zeolite Na-A synthesis. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 38-7, 1713–1720 (2013)
Balakrishnan K., Pandey A.: A production of biologically active secondary metabolites in solid state fermentation. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 55, 365–372 (1996)
Meruvu H., Reddy D.S.R.: Biochemical and molecular taxonomy of chitinolytic Citrobacter freundii haritD11 isolated from Indian marine environment. Int. J. Pharm. Bio Sci. 4, 1168–1175 (2013)
Shahidi, F.; Synowiecki, J.: Quality and compositional characteristics of Newfoundland shellfish processing discards. In: Brine, C.J.; Sanford, P.A.; Zikakis, J.P. (eds.) Advances in Chitin and Chitosan. Elsevier Applied Science, London, pp. 617–626 (1992)
Berger L.R., Reynolds D.M.: Colloidal chitin preparation. Methods Enzymol. 161, 140–142 (1988)
Miller G.L.: Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugars. Anal Biochem. 3, 426–428 (1959)
Sandhya X., Lonsane B.K.: Factors influencing fungal degradation of total soluble carbohydrates in sugarcane press mud under solid state fermentation. Process Biochem. 29, 295–301 (1994)
Bauer A.W., Kirby W.M.M., Sherris J.C., Turck M.: Antibiotic susceptibility testing by standardized single disc method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 36, 493–496 (1966)
Nawani, N.N.; Kapadnis, B.P.; Das, A.D.; Rao, A.S.; Mahajan, S.K.: Purification and characterization of a thermophilic and acidophilic chitinase from Microbispora sp. V2. J. Appl. Microbiol. 93, 965–975 (2002)
Paul M.K., Mini K.D., Antony A.C., Radhakrishnan E.K., Mathew J.: Utilization of prawn shell powder for the production of chitinase by Kurthia gibsonii MB126. Int. J. Pharm. BioSci. 3, 163–172 (2012)
Nochure S.V., Roberts M.F., Demain A.I.: True cellulases production by Clostridium thermocellum grown on different carbon sources. Biotechnol. Lett. 15, 641–646 (1993)
Pandey, A.; Soccol, C.R.; Rodriguez-Leon, J.A.; Nigam, P.: Solid state fermentation in Biotechnology, New Delhi, Asia Tech Inc., p. 237 (2001)
Al-Ahmadi K.J., Yazdi M.T., Najafi M.F., Shahverdi A.R.: Optimization of medium and cultivation conditions for chitinase production by newly isolated Aeromonas sp. Biotechnology 7, 266–272 (2008)
Singh, A.K.: Optimization of culture conditions for thermostable chitinase production by Paenibacillus sp. D1. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. 4, 2288–2295 (2010)
Sharaf E.F.: A potent chitinolytic activity of Alternaria alternaria isolated from Egyptian black sand soil. Pol. J. Microbiol. 54, 145–151 (2005)
Nampoothiri K.M., Baiju T.V., Sandhya C., Sabu A., Szakacs G., Pandey A.: Process optimization for antifungal chitinase production by Trichoderma harzianum. Process Biochem. 39, 1583–1590 (2004)
Suresh P.V., Chandrasekaran M.: Utilization of prawn waste for chitinase production by the marine fungus Beauveria bassiana by solid state fermentation. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 14, 655–660 (1998)
Jami Al Ahmadi, K.; Tabatabaei Yazdi, M.; Fathi Najafi, M.; Shahverdi, A.R.; Faramarzi, M.A.; Zarrini, G.; Behravan, J.: Optimization of medium and cultivation conditions for chitinase production by the newly isolated: Aeromonas sp. Biotechnology 7, 266–272 (2008)
Chakraborthy S., Sourav B., Arijit D.: Optimization of process parameters for chitinase production by a marine isolate of Serratia marcescens. Int. J. Pharm. BioSci. 2, 8–20 (2012)
Box, G.E.P.; Hunter, W.G.; Hunter, J.S.: Statistics for Experiments. Wiley, New York, pp. 291–334 (1978)
Cui F.J., Li F., Xu Z.H., Xu H.Y., Sun K., Tao W.Y.: Optimization of the medium composition for the production of mycelia biomass and exo-polymer by Grifola frondosa GF 9801 using response surface methodology. Bioresour Technol. 97, 1209–1216 (2006)
Ghanem K.M., Al-Garni S.M., Al-Makishah N.H.: Statistical optimization of cultural conditions for chitinase production from fish scales waste by Aspergillus terreus. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 9, 5135–5146 (2010)
Senthilkumar, S.; Prabhu, H.J.; Perumalsamy, M.: Response surface optimization for biodegradation of textile azo dyes using isolated bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 38-9, 2279–2291 (2013)
Yu F.H., Min C.S., Chou H.M., Fang Tony J.: Production, optimization growth conditions and properties of the xylanase from Aspergillus carneus M34. J. Mol. Catal. B Enzym. 49, 36–42 (2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Meruvu, H., Donthireddy, S.R.R. Optimization Studies for Chitinase Production from Parapeneopsis hardwickii (spear shrimp) exoskeleton by solid-state fermentation with marine isolate Citrobacter freundii str. nov. haritD11. Arab J Sci Eng 39, 5297–5306 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-014-1117-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-014-1117-4