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Maternal effects of photoperiods on glycogen metabolism related to induction of diapause in Cotesia vestalis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Jilin, China

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Abstract

Most insects must accumulate glycogen before entering diapause. Photoperiod influences diapause beyond the maternal generation in Cotesia vestalis (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). In this study, we measured glycogen content and the activity and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase at different G0 (25 °C under light:dark photoperiods of 8L:16D, 12L:12D, and 16L:8D) and G1 life stages (13 °C under 8L:16D). Glycogen content in G0 and G1 increased with shorter light periods, except for G0 adult males, which showed no significant difference under the three photoperiods. Compared with those under 16 h, in those under 8 h light, glycogen synthase activity was significantly higher at all tested stages, except for G0 pupa and adult male, for which it was identical; mRNA expression was higher at G0 larva and prepupa, lower at pupa, and identical at rest stages. Glycogen phosphorylase activity was significantly higher for G1 egg, lower at G1 prepupa, and identical at all other stages; mRNA expression was higher at G0 and G1 larval stages, and similar at rest stages. These findings suggest that glycogen, being regulated by the two enzymes, may be a consequential factor in the transmission of maternal information and diapause induction of C. vestalis.

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Acknowledgments

Funding for this study was jointly provided by the 973 Programs (Grants Nos. 2009CB119005 and 2006CB102005), the 948 Program (Grants No. 2011-G4), the National Department Benefit Research Foundation (nyhyzx20110321), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. U0936601).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China

    Zhong-Ping Hao, Chao Chen, Yi-Peng He & Zu-Hua Shi

  2. Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, People’s Republic of China

    Bin Tang

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Correspondence to Zu-Hua Shi.

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13355_2012_150_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Fig. 4a Phylogenetic trees of glycogen synthase (GS) sequences from ten insect species. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the main amino acid sequences of known GS proteins. Full-length amino acid sequences were aligned using the Mega 5.05 program to generate the phylogenetic tree. A bootstrap analysis was carried out and the robustness of each cluster was verified with 1,000 replicates. Values at the cluster branches indicate the results of the bootstrap analysis. (TIFF 2999 kb)

13355_2012_150_MOESM2_ESM.tif

Fig. 4b Phylogenetic trees of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) sequences from ten insect species. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the main amino acid sequences of known GP proteins. Full-length amino acid sequences were aligned using the Mega 5.05 program to generate the phylogenetic tree. A bootstrap analysis was carried out and the robustness of each cluster was verified with 1,000 replicates. Values at the cluster branches indicate the results of the bootstrap analysis. (TIFF 2758 kb)

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Hao, ZP., Tang, B., Chen, C. et al. Maternal effects of photoperiods on glycogen metabolism related to induction of diapause in Cotesia vestalis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Jilin, China. Appl Entomol Zool 48, 47–56 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-012-0150-6

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