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Lethal amanitas of East Asia characterized by morphological and molecular data

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Abstract

This study investigated the morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic relationships among lethal Amanita species occurring in East Asia. The results revealed that at least nine phylogenetic taxa exist in the region. Among them, five were identical to previously known morphological taxa including A. exitialis, A. fuliginea, A. subjunquillea, A. subjunquillea var. alba and A. virosa; three new taxa, A. fuligineoides, A. rimosa and A. pallidorosea were described and illustrated here. The remaining one was labeled “A. sp. 1” because no robust morphological evidence was found to distinguish it from A. subjunquillea var. alba. The occurrence of A. virosa in East Asia, a well-known lethally poisonous mushroom originally described from Europe, was confirmed by both ITS sequences and morphology. Another lethal species native to Europe, A. phalloides, was determined as closely related to A. subjunquillea from East Asia. Amanita oberwinklerana was treated in section Phalloideae from a morphological point of view, but appeared to be a member of section Lepidella by the analyses of sequences from both the ITS regions and the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene. Distribution features of East Asian Phalloideae and the phylogenetic relationships of these species with their counterparts from Europe and North America were also discussed. A key to species of section Phalloideae in East Asia is furnished.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Xianghua Wang (Kunming Institute of Botany) for providing several valuable collections for this study. We are grateful to Dr. Wenqi Hu (Montreal, Canada) for revising an earlier version of the manuscript. Dr. Rodham E. Tulloss (Roosevelt, New Jersey) and Dr. Jianping Xu (McMaster University, Canada) are acknowledged for their critically reviewing the manuscript. The authors also thank Dr. Yanchun Li (Kunming Institute of Botany) for providing a couple of sequences. This study was supported by Postdoctoral Science Fund of China (No. 20070411171), the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 30525002) of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KSCX2-YW-G-025), the NSFC (Nos. 30700005, 30871766 and U0836604) and the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2009CB522300).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China

    P. Zhang & Zhu L. Yang

  2. College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China

    P. Zhang & Zuo H. Chen

  3. Chongqing Institute of Medical Plant Cultivation, Nanchuan, 408435, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

    B. Xiao

  4. Institute of Mycology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China

    B. Tolgor & Hai Y. Bao

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  1. P. Zhang
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Correspondence to Zhu L. Yang.

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Zhang, P., Chen, Z.H., Xiao, B. et al. Lethal amanitas of East Asia characterized by morphological and molecular data. Fungal Diversity 42, 119–133 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-010-0018-4

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