Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Epidemiology, Pathological Characteristics and Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Status of Operated Cases of Female Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Review of 266 Cases from Kerala

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Breast cancer is presently the most common cancer among women in Kerala, in Southern India. The objectives of this study were to analyze the epidemiology and pathological characteristics of female breast carcinoma in Kerala. 266 patients who were diagnosed with operable breast cancer between April 2009 and June 2010 were studied. Various pathological characteristics including stage, grade, axillary lymph nodal status, tumor size, and estrogen and progesterone receptor status were studied. Estrogen and progesterone receptor status were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Chi-square test and frequency tables were used for statistical analysis. The mean age at presentation was 50 years. 48.9 % of the patients were premenopausal. 53.76 % had grade II tumors. Positive axillary lymph nodes were found in 70.3 % patients, and 68 % presented with stage II disease. 54.13 % were ER positive and 62 % were PR positive. The relatively young age at diagnosis, late presentation of the disease, and lower estrogen and progesterone receptor expression compared to patients from the West point toward the need for better breast cancer awareness and screening programmes in Kerala.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

ER:

Estrogen receptor

PR:

Progesterone receptor

AJCC:

American joint committee on cancer

References

  1. National Cancer Registry Programme: Consolidated report of the population based cancer registries.1990–1996.Indian Council of Medical Research;2001

  2. Hammond MEH, Hayes DF, Dowsett M, Allred DC, Hagerty KL, Badve S, Fitzgibbons PL, Francis G, Goldstein NS, Hayes M, Hicks DG, Lester S, Love R, Mangu PB, McShane L, Miller K, Osborne CK, Paik S, Perlmutter J, Rhodes A, Sasano H, Schawrtz JN, Sweep FCG, Taube S, Torlakovic EE, Valenstein P, Viale G, Visscher D, Wheeler Williams RB et al (2010) ASCO-CAP guideline recommendations for immunohistochemical testing of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 28:2784–2795

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. SEER-Stat database [http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast.html]

  4. Leong SPL, Shen ZZ, Liu TJ, Agarwal G, Tajima T, Paik N et al (2010) Is breast cancer the same disease in Asian and western countries? World J Surg 34:2308–2324

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Swanson GM, Lin CS (1994) Survival pattern among younger women with breast cancer:the effects of age,race,stage and treatment. Monogr Natl Cancer Inst 16:69–77

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. El Saghir NS, Seoud M, Khalil MK et al (2006) Effects of young age at presentation on survival in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 16:194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Sariego J (2009) Patterns of breast cancer presentation in the United States: does geography matter? Am Surg 75:545–550

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Stead LA, Lash TL, Sobieraj JE et al (2009) Triple negative breast cancer are increased in black women regardless of age or BMI. Breast Cancer Res 11:R18

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Taucher S, Rudas M, Mader RM et al (2003) Do we need Her2/neu testing for all patients with primary breast carcinoma? Cancer 98:2547–2553

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Saxena S, Rekhi B, Bansal A et al (2005) Clinico-morphological pattern of breast cancer including family history in a New Delhi hospital,India-a cross sectional study. World J Surg Oncol 3:67

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Vaidyanathan K, Kumar P, Reddy CO et al (2010) Erb B-2 expression and its association with other biological parameters of breast cancer among Indian women. Indian J Cancer 47:8–15

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Rhodes A, Jasani B, Balaton AJ, Barnes DM, Miller KD (2000) Frequency of estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity by immunohistochemical analysis in 7016 breast carcinomas: correlation with patient age, assay sensitivity, threshold value, and mammographic screening. Clin Pathol 53:688–696

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Rashmi K, Jaishree S, Satinder SM, Kavita M (2011) Hormone receptor status of breast cancer in the Himalayan region of Northern India. Indian J Surg Oncol 73(1):73:9–12

  14. Dey S, Bofetta P, Mathews A, Brennan P, Soliman A et al (2009) Risk factors according to estrogen receptor status of breast cancer patients in Trivandrum,South India. Int J Cancer 125(7):1663–1670

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Fredholm H, Eaker S, Frissel J, Homberg L, Fredrickson I, Lindman H (2009) Breast cancer in young women: poor survival despite intensive treatment. PLoS One 4(11):A38–A46

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The Professor and Head, Department of General Surgery, Govt. Medical College, Thrissur, granted permissions to conduct the study. Dr.Sajna M V, Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Thrissur, helped with drafting of the protocol and analyzing data.

Conflict of interest

None

Funding

None

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, 680596, India

    Ajith Vettuparambil, Gautham Rajan, Ravindran Chirukandath & Terence B. Culas

Authors
  1. Ajith Vettuparambil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gautham Rajan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ravindran Chirukandath
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Terence B. Culas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ajith Vettuparambil.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Vettuparambil, A., Rajan, G., Chirukandath, R. et al. Epidemiology, Pathological Characteristics and Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Status of Operated Cases of Female Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Review of 266 Cases from Kerala. Indian J Surg Oncol 6, 352–355 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13193-015-0425-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13193-015-0425-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation