Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Smart City Reference Model: Assisting Planners to Conceptualize the Building of Smart City Innovation Ecosystems

  • Published:
Journal of the Knowledge Economy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to address the smart innovation ecosystem characteristics that elucidate the assembly of all smart city notions into green, interconnected, instrumented, open, integrated, intelligent, and innovating layers composing a planning framework called, Smart City Reference Model. Since cities come in different shapes and sizes, the model could be adopted and utilized in a range of smart policy paradigms that embrace the green, broadband, and urban economies. These paradigms address global sustainability challenges at a local context. Smart city planners could use the reference model to define the conceptual layout of a smart city and describe the smart innovation characteristics in each one of the six layers. Cases of smart cities, such as Barcelona, Edinburgh, and Amsterdam are examined to evaluate their entirety in relation to the Smart City Reference Model.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. European smart cities—project. http://www.smart-cities.eu/. Accessed 2 April 2011

  2. Caragliu A, Del Bo C, Nijkamp A (2009) Smart cities in Europe. University Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Econometrics

  3. Toppeta D (2010) The smart city vision: how innovation and ict can build smart, “liveable”, sustainable cities. THINK! REPORT 005/2010

  4. Cozens M (2008) New urbanism, crime and the suburbs: a review of the evidence. Urban Policy and Research 26(4):429–444

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Greenburg E (2004) Codifying new urbanism: how to reform municipal land development regulations. American Planning Association PAS Report Number 526

  6. Marshall D, Toffel W (2005) Framing the elusive concept of sustainability: a sustainability hierarchy. Environ Sci Technol 39(3):673–682

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. McGeough U, Newman D (2004) Model for sustainable urban design with expanded sections on distributed energy resources. Sustainable Energy Planning Office Gas Technology Institute and Oak Ridge National Laboratory GTI Project # 30803-23/88018/65952

  8. Atkinson R, Castro D (2008) Digital quality of life. The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. pp. 137–145

  9. Belisent J (2010) Getting clever about smart cities: new opportunities require new business models. Forester

  10. Shapiro J (2003) Smart cities:explaining the relationship between city growth and human capital. Harvard University

  11. Adams W (2006) The future of sustainability, re-thinking environment and development in the twenty-first century. The World Conservation Union

  12. American Smarter Cities. http://smartercities.nrdc.org. Accessed 3 March 2011

  13. Amsterdam Living Lab, http://www.amsterdamlivinglab.nl/page/109/en. Accessed 4 May 2011

  14. Amsterdam Smart City, http://www.amsterdamsmartcity.com/. Accessed 14 March 2011

  15. Artemis Sofia project. http://sofia-project.org/. Accessed 14 March 2011

  16. Barcelona city council. http://www.bcn.es/english/ihome.htm. Accessed 3 April 2011

  17. Barcelona. Smart city 22@ http://www.22barcelona.com. Accessed 14 March 2011

  18. Barcelona urban studies. http://geographyfieldwork.com/barcelona.htm. Accessed 3 April 2011

  19. Bell R, Jung J, Zacharilla L (2009) Broadband economies: creating the community of the 21st century. Intelligent Community Forum

  20. Bizer C, Heath T, Berners-Lee T (2009) Linked data – the story so far. Issue on Linked Data, International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems (IJSWIS)

  21. Blewitt J (2008) Understanding sustainable development. Earthscan, London, pp 21–24

    Google Scholar 

  22. Gillett E, Lehr H, Osorio C (2004) Local government broadband initiatives. Telecommun Policy 28(7):537–558

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Ergen M (2009) Mobile broadband—including WiMAX and LTE. Springer, NY

    Google Scholar 

  24. Chee-Yee C, Kumar S (2003) Sensor networks: evolution, opportunities, and challenges. Proc IEEE 91(8):1247–1256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Leon N (2006) The well connected city A report on municipal networks Supported by The Cloud. Imperial College London

  26. Komninos N (2006) The architecture of intelligent cities; Integrating human, collective, and artificial intelligence to enhance knowledge and innovation. 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Environments, Institution of Engineering and Technology, Athens

  27. Florida R (2003) The rise of the creative class and how it’s transforming work, leisure, community and everyday life. Perseus Books Group

  28. Intelligent Community Forum. http://www.intelligentcommunity.org/. Accessed 25 February 2011

  29. Ford G, Koutsky K (2005) Broadband and economic development: a municipal case study from Florida. Applied Economic Studies

  30. OECD (2009) Smart sensor networks: technologies and applications for green growth. Working Party on the Information Economy (WPIE)

  31. SISCO. http://www.cisco.com/web/CN/expo/en/index.html. Accessed 12 April 2011

  32. OECD, Internet (2008) broadband and the economy. Seoul Ministerial Meeting On the Future of the Internet Economy

  33. Partridge H (2004) Developing a human perspective to the digital divide in the smart city. Alia

  34. LEED, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design http://www.usgbc.org. Accessed 22 April 2011

  35. EU Strategic Energy Technology (SET) plan http://ec.europa.eu/energy/technology/set_plan/set_plan_en.htm. Accessed 12 March 2011

  36. Cappellin R (2007) Learning, spatial changes, and regional and urban policies. The Territorial Dimension of the Knowledge Economy, American Behavioral Scientist, Volume 50, Number 7

  37. IBM smart cities. http://www.ibm.com/ibm/smartercities/us/en/. Accessed 12 February 2011

  38. Green K (2007) A wireless sensor city. MIT Technology Review, April 13th, MIT, Cambridge, MA

  39. Wilson J (2008) Sensor technology handbook. Newnes/Elsevier, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  40. COM (2009) Communication from the commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European

  41. Landi G, Laura G, Memeo V, Pucci P, Rapp S (2009) A unified smart city environment based on SOFIA’s Interoperability Open Platform. SOFIA ARTEMIS

  42. EU Smart Grids Task Force. http://www.smartgridtoday.com/public/939.cfm. Accessed 24 March 2011

  43. Wei Y, Blake B (2010) Service-oriented computing and cloud computing: challenges and opportunities. IEEE vol. 14 no. 6

  44. Santander Smart City, http://www.smartsantander.eu/. Accessed 10 March 2011

  45. Komninos, N, Sefertzi, E (2009) Intelligent cities: R&D offshoring, web 2.0 product development and globalization of innovation systems. Second Knowledge Cities Summit, Shenzhen, China

  46. Komninos N (2008) Intelligent cities and global innovation networks. Routledge, London

    Google Scholar 

  47. OECD (2003) The e-government imperative: main findings, Policy Brief, Public Affairs Division, Public Affairs and Communications Directorate

  48. The creative class. http://www.creativeclass.com/. Accessed 10 March 2011

  49. Urenio Smart city portal. http://www.urenio.org/2011/04/20/amsterdam-smart-city-smart-stories-2011/. Accessed 4 February 2011

  50. Smart city Edinburgh. http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk. Accessed 5 March 2011

  51. Wi-fi library services of the Edinburgh city council http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/libraries

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. URENIO Research, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Sotiris Zygiaris

Authors
  1. Sotiris Zygiaris
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sotiris Zygiaris.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zygiaris, S. Smart City Reference Model: Assisting Planners to Conceptualize the Building of Smart City Innovation Ecosystems. J Knowl Econ 4, 217–231 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-012-0089-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-012-0089-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation