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Observability enhancement by optimal PMU placement considering random power system outages

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Abstract

This paper enhances the observability of power networks by taking into consideration random component outages. The architecture of wide-area measurement system (WAMS) is analyzed in order to identify components that would affect the network observability. An iterative framework is devised to calculate a bus index in power networks equipped with phasor measurement units (PMUs) and conventional measurements. The average of bus indices represents a system index which provides an overall insight on the power network observability. The system index is utilized as a criterion to distinguish among multiple optimal PMU placements. Conventional bus injection and line flow measurements and the effect of zero-injection buses are considered in the proposed model. The numerical analyses are carried out for the proposed model and the results are discussed in detail.

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Abbreviations

APO :

Average probability of observability

A ij :

Probability of observability of bus i with PMU at bus j

\(A_{ij}^{\mathit{Cm}}\) :

Availability of current measurement at line ij

\(A_{ij}^{\mathit{CT}}\) :

Availability of CT at line ij

\(A_{ij}^{\mathit{FM}}\) :

Availability of conventional flow measurement at line ij

\(A_{i}^{\mathit{{IM}}}\) :

Availability of conventional injection measurement at bus i

\(A_{ij}^{\mathit{Line}}\) :

Availability of line ij

\(A_{i}^{\mathit{Link}}\) :

Availability of communication link for PMU at bus i

\(A_{i}^{\mathit{PMU}}\) :

Availability of PMU at bus i

\(A_{i}^{\mathit{PT}}\) :

Availability of PT at bus i

\(A_{i}^{\mathit{Vm}}\) :

Availability of voltage measurement at bus i

a ij :

Binary connectivity parameter between buses i and j

b ij :

Binary parameter of flow measurement at line ij

D i :

Difference of PO i in the last two iterations

f i :

Observability function of bus i

I :

Set of buses

i,j,k:

Indices of bus

N b :

Number of buses

PO i :

Probability of observability of bus i

u i :

Binary decision variable that is equal to one if PMU is installed at bus i and zero otherwise

x ij :

Binary variable; 1 denotes bus i is made observable through the observability of bus j and flow measurements on line ij

\(\bar{x}_{ij}\) :

Auxiliary binary variable; 1 when x ij =1 and u j =0

y ij :

Binary variable; 1 denotes bus i is made observable through the zero-injection effect of bus j

\(\bar{y}_{ij}\) :

Auxiliary binary variable; 1 when y ij =1, x ij =0, and u j =0

z i :

Binary parameter of zero-injection bus i or the injection measurement at bus i

γ :

System observability redundancy index (SORI)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electrical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    F. Aminifar & M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad

  2. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, USA

    M. Shahidehpour & A. Khodaei

Authors
  1. F. Aminifar
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  2. M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad
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  3. M. Shahidehpour
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  4. A. Khodaei
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Correspondence to M. Shahidehpour.

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Aminifar, F., Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M., Shahidehpour, M. et al. Observability enhancement by optimal PMU placement considering random power system outages. Energy Syst 2, 45–65 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12667-011-0025-x

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