Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Elimination of loess collapsibility with application to construction and demolition waste during dynamic compaction

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Environmental Earth Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

With the rapid modernization of China’s infrastructure construction, disposal of the massive amount of construction and demolition waste (CDW) produced each year has gradually developed into a national concern due to its increasingly adverse effect on the environment. Additionally, in northwestern China, ground deformation triggered by collapsible loess has caused severe damage to local infrastructure. In an attempt to address both problems simultaneously, this paper proposes the novel approach of applying CDW as a pile filler for the down-hole dynamic compaction. The concept, construction process, and design principles of this new method are described, and its efficiency and feasibility are validated in detailed studies of four practical cases in different locations in China. Problems that arise in certain aspects of this method, i.e., code revision with consideration of the variable loess conditions and CDW in different locations, are also discussed. Case studies and relevant discussions indicate a promising future for this environmentally friendly and eco-efficient method that is broadly applicable in many locations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aatheesan T, Arulrajah A, Newman G, Bo MW, Wilson J (2010) Crushed brick blends with crushed rock for pavement system. Waste Resour Manage 163(1):29–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Abbeche K, Bahloul O, Ayadat T, Bahloul A (2010) Treatment of collapsible soils by salts using double consolidation method. GeoShanghai international conference. Experimental and applied modeling of unsaturated soils. Shanghai, China, pp 69–78

  • Alawaji HA (2001) Settlement and bearing capacity of geogrid-reinforced sand over collapsible soil. Geotext Geomenbranes 19:75–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • An H, Xu Z, Zhao Z, Feng R (2009) Mud ground and saturated loess ground treated by deep jet cement pile. Second international conference on transportation engineering, Southeast Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China, pp 800–807

  • Arulrajah A, Piratheepan J, Disfani MM, Bo MW (2013) Recycled construction and demolition materials in pavement subbase applications. J Mater Civ Eng 25(8):1077–1088

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ayadat T, Hanna AM (2005) Encapsulated stone columns as a soil improvement technique for collapsible soil. Ground Improv 9(4):137–147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Azam AM, Cameron DA (2013) Geotechnical properties of blends of recycled clay masonry and recycled concrete aggregates in unbound pavement construction. J Mater Civ Eng 25(6):788–798

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barden L, McGown A, Collins K (1973) The collapse mechanism in partly saturated soil. Eng Geol 7:49–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bazaz JB, Khayati M (2012) Properties and performance of concrete made with recycled low-quality crushed brick. J Mater Civ Eng 24(4):330–338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carson TB, Hakimdavar R, Sjoblom KJ, Culligan PJ (2012) Viability of recycled and waste materials as green roof substrates. Geocongress, Oakland, pp 3644–3653

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen L, Chen W, Sun YM (2004) Management of C&D waste in Hong Kong. J Kunming Univ Sci Technol 2:107–110 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chow YK, Yong DM, Yong KY, Lee SL (1992) Dynamic compaction analysis. J Geotech Eng 118(8):1141–1157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gabr AR, Cameron DA (2012) Properties of recycled concrete aggregate for undound pavement construction. J Mater Civ Eng 24(6):754–764

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herrador R, Pérez P, Garach L, Ordónez J (2012) Use of recycled construction and demolition waste aggregate for road course surfacing. J Transp Eng 138(2):182–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inyang HI (2003) Framework for recycling of wastes in construction. J Environ Eng 129(10):887–898

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jefferson I, Evstatiev D, Karastanev D (2008) The treatment of collapsible loess soils using cement materials. GeoCongress, New Orleans, pp 662–669

    Google Scholar 

  • Khalaf FM (2006) Using crushed clay brick as coarse aggregate in concrete. J Mater Civ Eng 18(4):518–526

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolias S, Kasselouri-Rigopoulou V, Karahalios A (2005) Stabilisation of clayey soils with high calcium fly ash and cement. Cement Concr Compos 27:301–313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larionova N, Samarin E, Voronkevich S, Abramova T (2012) Chemical grouting of subsidence loess by sodium silicate solutions with low weight ratio. In: Proceedings of the fourth international conference on grouting and deep mixing. New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, pp 1968–1971

  • Li JJ, Qui SZ, Wang TH (2007) Research on the properties of the cement-loess. Ind Constr 36(7):25–28 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu ZD (1997) Mechanics and engineering of loess. Shaanxi Science and Technology Press, Xi’an. (in Chinese)

  • Lu WS, Yuan HP, Li JR, Hao Jane JL, Mi XM, Ding ZK (2011) An empirical investigation of construction and demolition waste generation rates in Shenzhen city, South China. Waste Manag 31:680–687

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lutenegger AJ (1986) Dynamic compaction in friable loess. J Geotech Eng 112(6):663–667

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayne PW, Jones J Jr, Dumas J (1984) Ground response to dynamic compaction. J Geotech Eng 110(6):757–774

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miranda LFR, Constantino CS, Monich CR, de Neto MAA (2013) Use of recycled sand produced at construction sites in bedding mortars. J Mater Civ Eng 25(2):236–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molineux CJ, Fentiman CH, Gange AC (2009) Characterising alternative recycled waste materials for use as green roof growing media in the U.K. Ecol Eng 35:1507–1513

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons RL, Kneebone E (2005) Field performance of fly ash stabilised subgrades. Ground Improv 9(1):33–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rashid MA, Salam MA, Shill SK, Hasan MK (2012) Effect of replacing natural coarse aggregate by brick aggregate on the properties of concrete. Dhaka Univ Eng Technol J 1(3):17–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuur HML (2000) Calcium silicate products with crushed building and demolition waste. J Mater Civ Eng 12(4):282–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Semkin VV, Ermoshin VM (1986) Chemical stabilization of loess soils in Uzbekistan to prevent building deformations. Soil Mech Found Eng 23(5):196–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silva J, de Brito J, Veiga R (2010) Recycled red-clay ceramic construction and demolition waste for mortars production. J Mater Civ Eng 22(3):236–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Srour I, Tamraz S, Chehab G, EI-Fadel M (2012) A framework for managing construction demolition waste: economic determinants of recycling. Construction Research Congress, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States, pp 1631–1640

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang W, Wu QM (2011) Development model for construction waste management of China. International conference on sustainable design and construction. ASCE, Kansas City, Missouri, United States, pp 421–430

Download references

Acknowledgments

Much of the work described in this paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 41072201, 41172245 and 4122021, National key basic research and development program (973 plan) subject under Grant No. 2014CB049101, and Shanghai pujiang talent plan funded projects under Grant No. 11PJD021, The authors would like to greatly acknowledge all these financial supports and express the most sincere gratitude.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Si Ping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China

    Shi-Jin Feng, Zhen-Ming Shi, Yang Shen & Liu-Chi Li

Authors
  1. Shi-Jin Feng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zhen-Ming Shi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yang Shen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Liu-Chi Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhen-Ming Shi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Feng, SJ., Shi, ZM., Shen, Y. et al. Elimination of loess collapsibility with application to construction and demolition waste during dynamic compaction. Environ Earth Sci 73, 5317–5332 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3783-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3783-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation