Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Spin Coated WO 3 Thin Films Using Organic Acids

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Silicon Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Tungsten trioxide (WO3) thin films were prepared incorporating various organic acid additives by the sol-gel spin coating technique. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dc electrical conductivity. From XRD, the crystal phase, average grain size and structural parameters of WO3 thin films were found to vary owing to different water dissolved organic acid additives. The variation of optical conductivity and band gap energy was calculated from the UV-Visible analysis. The SEM studies revealed that the organic acids influenced the surface morphology of the microsized plates of tungsten oxides. The electrical conductivity at various temperatures correlated with the average grain size of the nanocrystallites of WO3 thin films.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kim D (2012) Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 107:81–86

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Xiang QX, Yu LC, Yang L (2015) Chinese Phys B 24:0273041–0273047

    Google Scholar 

  3. Jiayin L, Jianfeng H, Jianpeng W, Liyun C, Yanagisaw K (2012) Ceram Int 38(6):4495–4500

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bi Y, Li D, Nie H (2010) Mater Chem Phys 123:225–230

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Locherer KR, Swainson IP, Salje EKH (1999) J Phys Condens Matter 11:6737–6755

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Pigeat P, Pacia N, Weber B (1992) Surf Sci 269-270:538–544

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Jiao Z, Wang J, Ke L, Sun XW, Demir HV (2011) ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 3:229–236

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Memar A, Phan CM, Tade MO (2014) Appl Surf Sci 305:760–767

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Lefkowitz I, Dowell MB (1975) J Solid State Chem 15(1):24–39

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Legore LJ, Lad RJ, Moulzolf SC, Vetelino JF, Frederick BG, Kenik EA (2002) Thin Solid Films 406:79–86

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Lassner Erik, Schubert Wolf-Dieter (1999) Tungsten: Properties, chemistry, technology of the element, alloys and chemical compounds springer US. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  12. Howard CJ, Luca V, Knight KV (2002) J Phys Condense Matter 14:377–387

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Desre PJ (1997) Nanostruct Mater 8(6):687–701

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Boulova M, Lucazeau G (2002) J Solid State Chem 167:425–434

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Martınez DS, Martınez-de la Cruz A, Cuellar EL (2013) Mater Res Bull 48:691–697

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Deepa M, Sharma R, Basu A, Agnihotry SA (2005) Electrochem Acta 50:3545–3555

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Su X, Xiao F, Li Y, Jian J, Sun Q, Wang J (2010) Mater Lett 64:1232–1234

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Sharma N, Deepa M, Varshney P, Agnihotry SA (2000) J Sol Gel Sci Tech 18:167–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Scherrer P (1918) Göttinger Nachrichten Gesell 2:98–100

    Google Scholar 

  20. Cullity BD, Stock SR (2001) Elements of X-Ray Diffraction, 3rd Ed. Prentice-Hall Inc, pp 167–171

  21. Tauc J (1968) Mater Res Bull 3:37–46

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Forouhi AR, Bloomer I, Palik ED (1991) Chapter 7 Handbook of Optical Constants II. Academic Press

  23. Chopra KL (1969) Thin Film Phenomena:729

  24. Pankove JI (1975) Optical processes in semiconductors. Dover Publications, Inc, New York

    Google Scholar 

  25. Mott NF, Davis EA (1971) Electronic processes in noncrystalline materials. Clarendon, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science Coimbatore, 641020, Tamil Nadu, India

    M. Raja, J. Chandrasekaran & M. Balaji

Authors
  1. M. Raja
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. Chandrasekaran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Balaji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. Chandrasekaran.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Raja, M., Chandrasekaran, J. & Balaji, M. The Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Spin Coated WO 3 Thin Films Using Organic Acids. Silicon 9, 201–210 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-016-9413-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-016-9413-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation