Abstract
In this work, nanostructured porous silicon (pSi) prepared by a metal-assisted stain etched route is investigated for its ability to act as a carrier for sustained delivery of the antibacterial drug triclosan. The morphology, analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, reveals a rather different microstructure than traditional anodized porous silicon; as a consequence, such morphology manifests a different loaded drug crystallinity, triclosan release behavior, and associated antibacterial activity versus Staphococcus aureus relative to high porosity anodized porous silicon. In addition to electron microscopies and antibacterial disk diffusion assays, a combination of x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses, and UV/Vis spectrophotometric analysis of triclosan release are employed to carry out the above investigations.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chan S, Fauchet PM, Li Y, Rothberg LJ, Miller BL (2000) Porous silicon microcavities for biosensing applications. Phys Status Solidi A 182:541–546
Orosco MM, Pacholski C, Sailor MJ (2009) Real-time monitoring of enzyme activity in a mesoporous silicon double layer. Nat Nanotechnol 4:255–258
Bonanno L, Segal E (2011) Nanostructured porous silicon-polymer-based hybrids: from biosensing to drug delivery. Nanomedicine 6:1755–1770
Rodriguez GA, Lawrie JL, Weiss SM (2014) Nanoporous silicon biosensors for DNA sensing. In: Santos H (ed) Porous silicon for biomedical applications. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, pp 304–333
Coffer JL, Montchamp JL, Aimone JB, Weis RP (2003) Routes to calcified porous silicon: implications for drug delivery and biosensing. Phys Status Solidi A 197:336–339
Salonen J, Kaukonen AM, Hirvonen J, Lehto V (2008) Mesoporous silicon in drug delivery applications. J Pharm Sci 97:632–651
Anglin EJ, Cheng L, Freeman WR, Sailor M J (2008) Porous silicon in drug delivery devices and materials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 60:1266–1277
Lehto V-P, Riikonen J (2014) Drug loading and characterization of porous silicon materials. In: Santos H (ed) Porous silicon for biomedical applications. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, pp 337–355
Bowditch AP, Waters K, Gale H, Rice P, Scott EAM, Canham LT, Reeves CL, Loni A, Cox TI (1999) In vivo assessment of tissue compatibility and calcification of bulk and porous silicon. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 536:149–154
Canham LT (2014) Pore volume (porosity) in porous silicon. In: Canham LT (ed) Handbook of porous silicon. Springer International, Switzerland, pp 135–142
Buriak JM (2002) Organometallic chemistry on silicon and germanium surfaces. Chem Rev 102:1271–1308
Loni A (2014) Milling of porous silicon microparticles. In: Canham LT (ed) Handbook of porous silicon. Springer International, Switzerland, pp 695–705
Joo J, Cruz JF, Vijayakumar S, Grondek J, Sailor MJ (2014) Photoluminescent porous Si/SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles prepared by borate oxidation. Adv Funct Mater 24:5688–5694
Tasciotti E, Liu X, Bhavane R, Plant K, Leonard AD, Price BK, Cheng MM, Decuzzi P, Tour J M, Robertson F, Ferrari M (2008) Mesoporous silicon particles as a multistage delivery system for imaging and therapeutic applications. Nat Nanotechnol 3:151–157
Li X, Coffer JL, Chen Y, Pinizzotto RF, Newey J, Canham LT (1998) Transition metal complex-doped hydroxyapatite layers on porous silicon. J Am Chem Soc 120:11706–11709
Gu L, Park J-H, Duong K H, Ruoslahti E, Sailor M J (2010) Magnetic luminescent porous silicon microparticles for localized delivery of molecular drug payloads. Small 6:2546–2552
Tzur-Balter A, Rubinski A, Segal E (2013) Designing porous silicon-based microparticles as carriers for controlled delivery of mitoxantrone dihydrochloride. J Mater Res 28:231–239
Wang M, Coffer JL, Dorraj K, Hartman PS, Loni A, Canham LT (2010) Sustained antibacterial activity from triclosan-loaded nanostructured mesoporous silicon. Mol Pharm 7:2232–2239
Tang L, Saharay A, Fleischer W, Hartman P, Loni A, Canham LT, Coffer JL (2013) Sustained antifungal activity from a ketoconazole-loaded nanostructured mesoporous silicon platform. Silicon 5:213–217
Salonen J, Laitinen L, Kaukonen AM, Tuuraa J, Björkqvista M, Heikkiläa T, Vähä-Heikkiläa K, Hirvonen J, Lehto V-P (2005) Mesoporous silicon microparticles for oral drug delivery: loading and release of five model drugs. J Control Release 108:362– 374
Gu L, Ruff LE, Qin Z, Corr M, Hedrick SM, Sailor MJ (2012) Multivalent porous silicon nanoparticles enhance the immune activation potency of agonistic CD40 antibody. Adv Mater 24:3981–3987
Kilpeläinen M, Riikonen J, Vlasova MA, Huotari A, Lehto V-P, Salonen J, Herzig K H, Järvinen K. (2009) In vivo delivery of a peptide, ghrelin antagonist, with mesoporous silicon microparticles. J Control Release 137:166–170
Sailor M (2012) Porous silicon in practice. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 48–51
Loni A, Barwick D, Batchelor L, Tunbridge J, Han Y, Li Z, Canham LT (2011). Electrochem Solid-State Lett 14:K25–K27
Cullis AG, Canham LT (1991) Visible light emission due to quantum size effects in highly porous crystalline silicon. Nature 353:335–338
Canham LT, Cullis AG, Pickering C, Dosser OD, Cox TI, Lynch TP (1994) Luminescent silicon aerocrystal networks prepared by anodisation and supercritical drying. Nature 368:133– 135
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, M., Hartman, P.S., Loni, A. et al. Stain Etched Nanostructured Porous Silicon: The Role of Morphology on Antibacterial Drug Loading and Release. Silicon 8, 525–531 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-015-9397-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-015-9397-1