Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Density, Viscosity and Electrical Conductivity of the Molten Cryolite Electrolytes (Na 3 AlF 6 –SiO 2 ) for Solar Grade Silicon (Si–SoG) Electrowinning

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Silicon Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Density, viscosity and electrical conductivity of the molten system Na 3AlF 6–SiO 2 have been investigated in the concentration range up to 50 mole % of SiO 2. Density was measured by means of a computerized Archimedean method, viscosity of the melt by computerized torsion pendulum method and the electrical conductivity by means of the tube–cell (pyrolytic boron nitride) with stationary electrodes. It was found that the density, viscosity and conductivity vary linearly with the temperature in all investigated mixtures. On the basis of the density data, the molar volume of the melts and the partial molar volume have been calculated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Istratov AA, Buonassisi T, Pickett MD, Heuer M, Weber ER (2006) Control of metal impurities in “dirty” multicrystalline silicon for solar cells. Mater Sci Eng B 134:282–286

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bieber AL, Massot L, Gibilaro M, Cassayre L, Taxil P, Chamelot P (2012) Silicon electrodeposition in molten fluorides. Electrochim Acta 62:282–289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Boen R, Bouteillon J (1983) The electrodeposition of silicon in fluoride melts. J Appl Electrochem 13:277–288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Elwell D, Feigelson RS Electrodeposition of solar silicon. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 6:123–145

  5. Elwell D, Rao GM (1988) Electrolytic production of silicon. J Appl Electrochem 18:15–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Grjotheim K, Matiaš ovsky K, Fellner P (1982) The electrodeposition of silicon from cryolite melts. Light Met: 333–341

  7. Grjotheim K, Matiašovsky K, Fellner P, Silný A (1971) Electrolytic deposition of silicon and silicon alloy. Can Metall Q 10:79–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Monnier R, Barakat D (1965) Dual cell refining of silicon and germanium. US Patent 3,219,561,

  9. Monnier R, Barakat D, Giacometti JC (1966) Refining of silicon and germanium. US Patent 3,254,010,

  10. Monnier R, Giacometti JC (1964) Recherches sur le raffinage électrolytique du silicium. Helv Chim Acta 47:345–353

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Oishi T, Watanabe M, Koyma K, Tanaka M, Saegusa K (2011) Process for solar silicon production by molten salt electrolysis using aluminium-silicon liquid alloy. J Electrochem Soc 158:E93–E99

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Olsen KS, Martinez AM, Rolseth S, Gundbransen H, Juel M, Haarberg GM (2010) Electrodeposition of crystalline silicon films from alkali fluoride mixtures. Electrochem Soc Trans 33:429– 438

    Google Scholar 

  13. Olson JM, Carleton KL (1981) A semipermeable anode for silicon electrorefinning. J Electrochem Soc 128:2698–2699

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Belyaev AI (1947) Physicochemical processes at electrolysis of aluminium. Metallurgizdat, Moscow

  15. Sokhanvaran S, Thomas S, Barati M (2012) Charge transport properties of cryolite-silica melts. Electrochim Acta 66:239–244

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Weil DF, Fyfe WJ (1964) The 1010 and 800 ∘C isothermal section in the system Na3AlF6-Al2O3-SiO2. J Electrochem Soc 111:582–585

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Daněk V (2006) Physicochemical analysis of molten electrolytes. Elsevier

  18. Korenko M, Priscak J, Šimko F (2013) Electrical conductivity of systems based on Na3AlF6-SiO2 melt. Chem Pap: 1350–1354

  19. Physical constants of inorganic compounds (2005) In: CRC Handbook of chemistry and physics. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  20. Brockner W, Tørklep K, Øye HA (1979) Viscosity of sodium fluoride-aluminium fluoride melt mixtures. Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 83:12–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Robelin C, Chartrand P (2011) A viscosity model for the (NaF + AlF3 + CaF2 + Al2O3) electrolyte. J Chem Thermodyn 13:761–771

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 36, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Michal Korenko, Zuzana Vasková, Jozef Priščák & František Šimko

  2. Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technology and Materials, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Marta Ambrová

  3. Materials and Metallurgy School, Northeastern University (NEU), Wenhua Road 3-11, 110819, Shenyang, China

    Zhongning Shi

Authors
  1. Michal Korenko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zuzana Vasková
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jozef Priščák
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. František Šimko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Marta Ambrová
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Zhongning Shi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zuzana Vasková.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Korenko, M., Vasková, Z., Priščák, J. et al. Density, Viscosity and Electrical Conductivity of the Molten Cryolite Electrolytes (Na 3 AlF 6 –SiO 2 ) for Solar Grade Silicon (Si–SoG) Electrowinning. Silicon 7, 261–267 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-014-9214-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-014-9214-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation