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La gestion des néoplasies épithéliales de la surface oculaire de type épidermoïde

Management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia

  • Article Original / Original Article
  • Published:
Journal Africain du Cancer / African Journal of Cancer

Résumé

Objectif

Rapporter notre expérience dans la prise en charge des néoplasies épithéliales de la surface oculaire de type épidermoïde (ocular surface squamous neoplasia [OSSN]) et analyser les facteurs de risque de récidive tumorale.

Matériels et méthodes

Nous avons inclus 69 patients porteurs d’OSSN. Tous nos patients ont bénéficié d’un examen ophtalmologique complet. Le bilan d’extension a été demandé en cas de suspicion d’une extension locorégionale. Le traitement était fondé sur la chirurgie, la cryothérapie, la chimiothérapie topique et la radiothérapie.

Résultats

L’âge moyen de nos patients était de 60,5 (± 20,3) ans. Le sex-ratio (H/F) était de 2,28. La tumeur était conjonctivale bulbaire dans 62 cas (89,8 %). La taille tumorale moyenne était de 12,3 mm. On a noté 51 cas (74 %) de carcinome invasif et 18 cas (26 %) de néoplasie intraépithéliale (NIE) de la conjonctive. Une extension locorégionale a été notée chez 55 patients (69,6 %). Le taux de récidives tumorales était de 31,8 % des cas. La survie globale de nos patients était de 93 % à trois ans. Les facteurs de risque de récidive dans notre étude étaient : la localisation canthale médiale (p = 0,002), la taille tumorale supérieure à 10 mm (p = 0,02) et l’extension sclérale (p = 0,01), le traitement initial (p = 0,03). Une corrélation entre le mauvais pronostic et l’aspect anatomoclinique (p = 0,6) et l’extension de la cornée (p = 0,2) n’a pas été établie.

Conclusion

La survie globale des OSSN est excellente du fait du faible taux d’extension locorégionale et à distance. Le principal problème posé par ces tumeurs réside dans le taux élevé des récidives.

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to report our experience in ocular surface squamous neoplasia management and to analyze the tumor recurrence risk factors.

Materials and methods

We included 69 patients having an ocular surface squamous neoplasia. All of them underwent a complete ophthalmological examination with a precise evaluation of the extension. The treatment was based on surgery, cryotherapy, topical chemotherapy, and brachytherapy.

Results

The mean age in our series was of 60.5 (±20.3) years with a sex-ratio of 2.28. The tumor was in the bulbar conjunctiva in 62 cases (89.8%) and in the tarsal conjunctiva in 7 cases (10%). The mean tumor size was of 12.3 mm. The histopathological analysis showed an invasive carcinoma in 51 cases (74%) and conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia in 18 cases (26%). A locoregional extension was noted in 55 patients (69.6%). The tumor recurrence rate was 31.8%. The global survival rate was 93% at 3 years. Recurrence risk factors found in our study were the medial canthus location (P = 0.002), the tumoral size superior to 10 mm (P = 0.02), the sclera extension (P = 0.01), and the initial treatment (P = 0.03). There was no correlation with the anatomoclinical aspect (P = 0.6) and the corneal extension (P = 0.2).

Conclusion

The global survival rate of the ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is excellent because of the low locoregional extension and distance rates. The main problem with these tumors is the high rate of recurrence.

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Correspondence to A. Chebbi.

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Chebbi, A., Bouguila, H., Lajmi, H. et al. La gestion des néoplasies épithéliales de la surface oculaire de type épidermoïde. J Afr Cancer 7, 34–40 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12558-014-0348-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12558-014-0348-3

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