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Europrotomus (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Strombidae): a new Middle Miocene European strombid genus (Revision of Euprotomus Gill, 1870. Part 4)

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Abstract

The medium-sized, strongly ornamented nominal species Strombus schroeckingeri Hörnes in Hoernes & Auinger, 1884 is well known from Langhian deposits of the Paratethys Sea. Its traditional generic affiliation in the literature with Euprotomus Gill, 1870, implicated a biogeographic relation of the Paratethys and the proto-Mediterranean with the Neogene Indo-West-Pacific region. This relation, however, is problematic because the Tethys Seaway was already closed or a very shallow, strongly evaporitic passage at that time. Despite its superficial similarity with extant genera of the IWP region, the genus is unrelated to all known strombid genera and represents a new genus, which is introduced herein as Europrotomus nov. gen. The genus comprises only one or maybe two species, which occur in the European Middle Miocene geological record. No ancestors are known so far. This sudden occurrence is discussed as immigration from an adjacent bioprovince rather than as a result of autochthonous evolution. Hypothetically, such a biogeographic source area might have been established along the coasts of tropical West Africa—a scenario that is already documented for Pleistocene times.

Kurzfassung

Die nominale Art Strombus schroeckingeri Hörnes in Hoernes & Auinger, 1884 ist ein stark ornamentierter Strombidae von mittlerer Größe, der aus dem Langhium der Paratethys gut dokumentiert ist. Die traditionelle generische Zuordnung zu Euprotomus Gill, 1870 implizierte eine biogeographische Beziehung zwischen der Paratethys und dem Proto-Mediterran sowie der neogenen Indo-West-Pazifischen Region. Diese Verbindung ist jedoch problematisch, da der Tethys-Seeweg zu dieser Zeit bereits geschlossen war oder nur eine sehr seichte, stark evaproritische Passage repräsentierte. Die Gattung zeigt keine nähere Verwandtschaft mit den bekannten Strombiden-Gattungen, trotz der oberflächlichen Ähnlichkeiten mit einigen modernen Vertretern in der IWP-Region. Daher wird hier für dieses Taxon Europrotomus nov. gen. als neue Gattung eingeführt. Diese Gattung beinhaltet nur ein oder zwei Arten, die ausschließlich aus dem europäischen Mittel-Miozän bekannt sind. Bisher konnten keine Vorgänger nachgewiesen werden, weshalb autochthone Evolution als eher unwahrscheinlich betrachtet wird. Stattdessen könnte dieses plötzliche Auftreten durch Immigration von einer benachbarten biogeographischen Provinz erklärt werden. Ein derartiges biogeograpohisches Herkunftsgebiet könnte hypothetisch entlang der tropischen Küsten West-Afrikas etabliert gewesen sein—ein Szenario, das auch aus dem Pleistozän dokumentiert ist.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Anton and Thomas Breitenberger, Bad Vöslau and Pottenstein, Austria, for donating material to both NHMW and Gijs C. Kronenberg; this latter specimen will be donated to NCBNaturalis at some point in the future. Dr. Bernard Landau, Albufeira, Portugal, and an anonymous reviewer carefully read the manuscript and provided valuable suggestions for improvement.

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  1. NCBNaturalis, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Gijs C. Kronenberg

  2. Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010, Vienna, Austria

    Mathias Harzhauser

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Kronenberg, G.C., Harzhauser, M. Europrotomus (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Strombidae): a new Middle Miocene European strombid genus (Revision of Euprotomus Gill, 1870. Part 4). Paläontol Z 86, 147–159 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-011-0121-1

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