Abstract
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an additive technology that produces solid parts by selectively melting thin layers of metallic powder. SLM can produce significant differences in the final properties due to the melting-consolidation phenomena of the process, which can be controlled by the appropriate parameters. Therefore, the objective of this study was to create a link between the process conditions and the resulting properties by experimenting in an own-developed SLM machine using CoCrMo powder as material. The fabricated samples were characterized by density, hardness and microstructural properties. The experimental results proved the capability of the SLM technique to build high dense samples. The hardness results gave evidence of a superior outcome compared to conventional processes. Finally, it was found that grain size was defined by scanning speed. Based on the results, a better understanding of the processing principles given by the parameters was achieved and improved fabrication quality was promoted.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. D Janaki Ram, C. K. Esplin, and B. E. Stucker, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 19, 2105 (2008).
L. C. Zhang, D. Klemm, J. Eckert, Y. L. Hao, and T. B. Sercomb, Scripta Mater. 65, 21 (2011).
J. Delgado, L. Seren, J. Ciurana, and L. Hernández, Innovative Developments in Virtual and Physical Prototyping (eds. P. J. Bartolo), pp.499–503, CRC Press, London, UK (2011).
D. Gu, Y. C. Hagedorn, W. Meiners, G. Meng, R. J. Santos Batista, K. Wissenbach, and R. Poprawe, Acta Mater 60, 3849 (2012).
B. Zhang, H. Liao, and C. Coddet, Mater Des. 34, 753 (2012).
M. Wehmoller, P. H. Warnke, C. Zilian, and H. Eufinger, Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg. 1281, 690 (2005).
S. L. Campanelli, N. Contuzzi, A. Angelastro, and A. D. Ludovico, New Trends in Technologies: Devices, Computer, Communication and Industrial Systems (Ed. M.J. Er), pp.233–252, InTech, DOI:10.5772/10432 (2010).
S. Dadbakhsh, L. Hao, and N. Sewell, Rapid. Prototyping. J. 18, 241 (2012).
M. Thöne, S. Leuders, A. Riemer, T. Tröster, and H. A. Richard, Proc. 22 nd Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, p.492, Austin, Texas, USA (2012).
D. Thomas, Ph. D. Thesis, pp.15–198, University of Wales, UK (2009).
A. V. Gusarov and I. Smurov, Phys. Procedia. 5, 381 (2010).
I. Yadroitsev, P. H. Bertand, and I. Smurov, Appl. Surf. Sci. 253, 8064 (2007).
X. Su and Y. Yang. J. Mater. Process. Tech. 212, 2074 (2012).
J. Delgado, L. Seren, J. Ciurana, and L. Hernández, Innovative Developments in Virtual and Physical Prototyping (eds. P. J. Bartolo), pp.495–498, CRC Press, London, UK (2011).
L. Thijs, F. Verhaeghe, T. Craeghs, J. V. Humbeeck, and J. P. Kruth, Acta Mater. 58, 3303 (2010).
C. T. Duong, J. S. Nam, E. M. Seo, B. P. Patro, J. D. Chang, S. Park, and S. S. Lee, Proc. IME. H. J. Eng. Med. 224, 541 (2010).
N. Chawla and X. Deng, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 390, 98 (2005).
P. C. Angelo and R. Subramanian, Powder Metallurgy: Science, Technology and Applications, p.144, PHI Learning Private limited, New Delhi, India (2008).
Y. Hirata, A. Hara, and I. A. Aksay, Ceram. Int. 35, 2667 (2009).
K. S. W. Sing, Pure. Appl. Chem. 57, 603 (1985).
H. Tan, C. K. Chua, K. F. Leong, C. M. Cheah, P. Cheang, M. S. Abu Bakar, and S. W. Cha, Biomaterials 24, 3115 (2003).
S. Bose, J. Darsel, H. L. Hosick, L. Yang, and D. K. Sarkar, J. Mater. Sci. 13, 23 (2002).
S. J. Kalitaa, S. Bose, Howard L. Hosick, and A. Bandyopadhyay, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 23, 611 (2003).
G. T. M. Chu, A. G. Brady, W. Miao, J. W. Halloran, S. J. Hollister, and D. Brei, Proc. The MRS Fall Meeting Symposium V: Solid Freefrom and Additive Fabrication, vol.542, pp.119–23, Boston, USA (1998).
Ö. Ilkgün, M.Sc. Thesis, pp.6–12, Middle East Technical University, Turkey (2005).
A. Simchi, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 428, 148 (2006).
P. Haasen, Physical Metallurgy, pp.3–60, Cambridge University Press, New York, USA (1996).
Q. Wang, L. Zhang, and H. Shen, Surf. Coat. Tech. 205, 2654 (2010).
R. S. Kircher, A. M. Christensen, and K. W. Wurth, Proc. The International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, pp.428–36, Austin, Texas, USA (2009).
R. T. Holt and W. Wallace, Failure Analysis of Some Orthopedic Implants Vol. 18397, pp.1–55, National Research Conceal Canada, Canada (1980).
B. Vandenbroucke and J. P. Kruth, Rapid. Prototyping. J. 13, 196 (2007).
J. P. Kruth, M. Badrossamay, E. Yasa, J. Deckers, L. Thijs, and J. Van Humbeeck, Proc. The 16th International Symposium on Electromachining (Eds. Z. Wan Sheng and Y. Jun), Shanghai Jiaotong University Press, Shangai, China (2000).
F. C. Campbell, Elements of Metallurgy and Engineering Alloys, pp.129–130, Materials Park: ASM International, USA (2008).
I. Yadroitsev, P. Krakhmalev, I. Yadroitsava, S. Johansson, and I. Smurov, J. Mater. Process. Tech. 213, 606 (2013).
M. F. Ashby and D. Jones, Engineering Materials 2: An Introduction to Microstructures, Processing and Design, pp.66–70, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK (2006).
B. Vrancken, R. Wauthle, J. P. Kruth, J. Van Humbeeck, Proc. The International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, pp.393–407, Austin, Texas, USA (2013).
G. Bellefontaine, M. Res. Thesis. pp.15–113. University of Birmingham, UK (2010).
S. Miyake, Novel Materials Processing by Advanced Electromagnetic Energy Sources. pp.186–187, Elsevier Science, Oxford, UK (2005).
C. I. Nwoye, C. N. Anyakwo, E. Obidiegwu, and N. E. Nwankwo, J Miner. Mater. Charact. Eng. 10, 707 (2011).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Monroy, K.P., Delgado, J., Sereno, L. et al. Effects of the Selective Laser Melting manufacturing process on the properties of CoCrMo single tracks. Met. Mater. Int. 20, 873–884 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-014-5011-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-014-5011-0