Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Siberia and neighboring regions in the Last Glacial Maximum: did people occupy northern Eurasia at that time?

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An updated analysis of Paleolithic sites in Siberia and the Urals 14C-dated to the coldest phase of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), with its timespan currently determined as ca. 23,000–19,000 BP (ca. 27,300–22,900 cal BP), is presented. It is demonstrated that people continuously occupied the southern and central parts of Siberia and the Russian Far East (up to 58° N latitude), and perhaps sporadically settled regions located even further north, up to 70° N, throughout the LGM. This is in accord with our previous data, but is now based on a larger dataset, and also on a paleoecological analysis of the major pre-LGM archaeological sites in Siberia and the Urals north of 58° N. It is clear that Paleolithic people in northern Eurasia were able to cope with the treeless tundra environment well in advance of the LGM, at least at ca. 34,000–26,000 BP (ca. 38,500–30,000 cal BP). Therefore, a high degree of adaptation to cold conditions allowed people to survive in Siberia during the LGM.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abramova ZA (1979) O vozraste paleolita Aldana [On the age of the Paleolithic of Aldan River]. Sovietskaya Arkheologiya 4:5–14 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Abramova ZA (1983) Paleoliticheskaya stoyanka Tarachikha na Yeniseii [The Paleolithic site of Tarachikha on the Yenisei River]. In: Kruglikova IT (ed) Kamenny vek. Nauka Publ, Moscow, pp 43–50 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Abramova ZA, Astakhov SN, Vasil’ev SA, Ermolova NM, Lisitsyn NF (1991) Paleolit Yeniseya [The Paleolithic of the Yenisei]. Nauka Publ, Leningrad (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Akimova EV, Tomilova EA, Stasyuk IV, Laukhin SA, Gulyaev AA (2001) Arkheologicheskoe izuchenie pozdnepaleoliticheskogo mestonakhozhdeniya Derbina 5 [Archaeological study of the Late Paleolithic locality of Derbina 5]. In: Derevianko AP, Molodin VI (eds) Problemy arkheologii, etnografii, antropologii Sibiri i sopredelnykh territoryi. Volume 7. Institute of Archaeology & Ethnography Press, Novosibirsk (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Akimova EV, Drozdov NI, Laukhin SA, Chekha VP, Orlova LA, Koltsova VG, San’ko AF, Shpakova EG (2005) Paleolit Yeniseya: Listvenka [The Paleolithic of the Yenisei: Listvenka site]. Univers Press, Krasnoyarsk (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen JRM, Hickler T, Singarayer JS, Sykes MT, Valdes PJ, Huntley B (2010) Last glacial vegetation of northern Eurasia. Quat Sci Rev 29:2604–2618

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson PM, Lozhkin AV (2001) The Stage 3 interstadial complex (Karginskii/middle Wisconsinan interval) of Beringia: variations in paleoenvironments and implications for paleoclimatic interpretations. Quat Sci Rev 20:93–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andreev AA, Schirrmeister L, Tarasov PE, Ganopolski A, Brovkin V, Siegert C, Wetterich S, Hubberten H-W (2011) Vegetation and climate history in the Laptev Sea region (Arctic Siberia) during Late Quaternary inferred from pollen records. Quat Sci Rev 30:2182–2199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boeskorov GG (2003) Sostav teriofauny Yakutii v pozdnem pleistotsene i golotsene (po arkheologicheskim dannym) [The composition of theriofauna of Yakutia in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene (based on archaeological data)]. In: Alekseev AN (ed) Drevnie kultury Severo-Vostochnoi Azii. Astroarkheologiya. Paleoinformatika. Nauka Publ, Novosibirsk, pp 27–43 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Brock F, Higham T, Ditchfield P, Bronk Ramsey C (2010) Current pretreatment methods for AMS radiocarbon dating at the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU). Radiocarbon 52:103–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brock F, Wood R, Higham TFG, Ditchfield P, Bayliss A, Bronk Ramsey C (2012) Reliability of nitrogen content (%N) and carbon:nitrogen atomic ratios (C:N) as indicators of collagen preservation suitable for radiocarbon dating. Radiocarbon 54:879–886

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buvit I, Terry K, Konstantinov AV, Konstantinov MV (2004) Studenoe 2: an update. Curr Res Pleistocene 21:1–3

    Google Scholar 

  • Buvit I, Terry K, Izuho M, Konstantinov MV, Konstantinov AV (2015) Last Glacial Maximum human occupation of the Transbaikal, Siberia. PaleoAmerica 1:374–376

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark PU, Dyke AS, Shakun JD, Carlson AE, Clark J, Wohfarth B, Mitrovica JX, Hostetler SW, McCabe AM (2009) The Last Glacial Maximum. Science 325:710–714

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • COHMAP Members (1988) Climatic changes of the last 18,000 years: observations and model simulations. Science 241:1043–1052

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Derevianko AP, Shimkin DB, Powers WR (eds) (1998) The Paleolithic of Siberia: new discoveries and interpretations. University of Illinois Press, Urbana

    Google Scholar 

  • Derevianko AP, Shunkov MV, Agadjanian AK, Baryshnikov GF, Malaeva EM, Ulianov VA, Kulik NA, Postnov AV, Anoikin AA (2003) Prirodnaya sreda i chelovek v paleolite Gornogo Altaya [Environment and humans in the Paleolithic of the Mountainous Altai]. Institute of Archaeology & Ethnography Press, Novosibirsk (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dolukhanov PM, Shukurov AM, Tarasov PE, Zaitseva GI (2002) Colonization of northern Eurasia by modern humans: radiocarbon chronology and environment. J Archaeol Sci 29:593–606

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiedel SJ, Kuzmin YV (2007) Radiocarbon date frequency as an index of intensity of Paleolithic occupation of Siberia: did humans react predictably to climate oscillations? Radiocarbon 49:741–756

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fu Q, Li H, Moorjani P, Jay F, Slepchenko SM, Bondarev AA, Johnson PLF, Petri AA, Prüfer K, de Filippo C, Meyer M, Zwyns N, Salazar-Garcia DC, Kuzmin YV, Keates SG, Kosintsev PA, Razhev DI, Richards MP, Peristov NV, Lachmann M, Douka K, Higham TFG, Slatkin M, Hublin J-J, Reich D, Kelso J, Viola TB, Pääbo S (2014) The genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia. Nature 514:445–450

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goebel T (1999) Pleistocene human colonization of Siberia and peopling of the Americas: an ecological approach. Evol Anthropol 8:208–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goebel T (2002) The “microblade” adaptation and recolonization of Siberia during the late Upper Pleistocene. In: Elston RG, Kuhn SL (eds) Thinking small: global perspectives on microlithization. American Anthropological Association, Arlington, pp 117–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Goebel T (2004) The search for a Clovis progenitor in sub-arctic Siberia. In: Madsen DB (ed) Entering America: Northeast Asia and Beringia before the Last Glacial Maximum. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, pp 311–356

    Google Scholar 

  • Goebel T (2015) The overland dispersal of modern humans to Eastern Asia: an alternative, northern route from Africa. In: Kaifu Y, Izuho M, Sato H, Ono A (eds) Emergence and diversity of modern human behavior in Paleolithic Asia. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, pp 437–452

    Google Scholar 

  • Graf KE (2005) Abandonment of the Siberian mammoth-steppe during the LGM: evidence from the calibration of 14C-dated archaeological occupations. Curr Res Pleistocene 22:2–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Graf KE (2009a) “The good, the bad, and the ugly”: evaluating the radiocarbon chronology of the middle and late Upper Paleolithic in the Enisei River valley, south-central Siberia. J Archaeol Sci 36:694–707

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graf KE (2009b) Modern human colonization of the Siberian mammoth steppe: a view from south-central Siberia. In: Camps M, Chauhan P (eds) Sourcebook of Paleolithic transitions. Springer, Berlin, pp 479–501

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Graf KE (2015) Modern human response to the Last Glacial Maximum in Siberia. In: Kaifu Y, Izuho M, Sato H, Ono A (eds) Emergence and diversity of modern human behavior in Paleolithic Asia. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, pp 506–531

    Google Scholar 

  • Gribchenko YN (2014) Prirodnye usloviya pervichnogo rasseleniya cheloveka na severo-zapade Vostochno-Evropeiskoi ravniny [Environmental conditions of initial human colonization of the northwestern East European Plain]. In: Kotlyakov VM, Velichko AA, Vasil’ev SA (eds) Pervonachalnoe zaselenie Arktiki chelovekom v usloviyakh menyayushcheisya prirodnoi sredy. Geos Press, Moscow, pp 99–128 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Haesaerts P, Chekha VP, Damblon F, Drozdov NI, Orlova LA, van der Plicht J (2005) The loess-palaeosol succession of Kurtak (Yenisei basin, Siberia): a reference record for the Karga stage (MIS3). Quaternaire 16:3–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heggen HP, Svendsen JI, Mangerud J, Lohne ØS (2012) A new palaeoenvironmental model for the evolution of the Byzovaya Palaeolithic site, northern Russia. Boreas 41:527–545

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffecker JF (2002) Desolate landscapes: Ice-Age settlement in Eastern Europe. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffecker JF (2005a) Innovation and technological knowledge in the Upper Paleolithic of northern Eurasia. Evol Anthropol 14:186–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffecker JF (2005b) A prehistory of the north: human settlement of the higher latitudes. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes PD, Gibbard PL (2015) A stratigraphical basis for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Quat Int 383:174–185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kasparov AK (1998) Mlekopitayushchie stoyanok pozdnego kamennogo veka yuzhnoi Yakutii [The mammals of the late Stone Age of southern Yakutia]. In: Labutin YB (ed) Mlekopitayushchie antropogena Yakutii. Yakutian Scientific Center, Yakutsk, pp 138–150 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotlyakov VM, Velichko AA, Vasil’ev SA (eds) (2014) Pervonachalnoe zaselenie Arktiki chelovekom v usloviyakh menyayushcheisya prirodnoi sredy [Initial human colonization of the Arctic in conditions of changing environment]. Geos Press, Moscow, pp 422–446 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuzmin YV (2008) Siberia at the Last Glacial Maximum: environment and archaeology. J Archaeol Res 16:163–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuzmin YV (2009) Comments on Graf, Journal of Archaeological Science 36, 2009 ““The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly”: evaluating the radiocarbon chronology of the middle and late Upper Paleolithic in the Enisei River valley, south-central Siberia”. J Archaeol Sci 36:2730–2733

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuzmin YV (2010) The extinction of woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) and woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) in Eurasia: review of chronological and environmental issues. Boreas 39:247–261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuzmin YV, Keates SG (2005) Dates are not just data: Paleolithic settlement patterns in Siberia derived from radiocarbon records. Am Antiquity 70:773–789

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuzmin YV, Keates SG (2013) Dynamics of Siberian Paleolithic complexes (based on analysis of radiocarbon records): the 2012 state-of-the-art. Radiocarbon 55:1314–1321

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuzmin YV, Keates SG (2014) Direct radiocarbon dating of Late Pleistocene hominids in Eurasia: current status, problems, and perspectives. Radiocarbon 56:753–766

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuzmin YV, Orlova LA (1998) Radiocarbon chronology of the Siberian Paleolithic. J World Prehist 12:1–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuzmin YV, Orlova LA (2004) Radiocarbon chronology and environment of woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius Blum.) in northern Asia: results and perspectives. Earth-Sci Rev 68:133–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuzmin YV, Petrov VG, Kim J-C (2005) Timing of the origin of microblade technology in the Russian Far East: chronology of the Khodulikha 2 Upper Paleolithic site. Curr Res Pleistocene 22:7–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuzmin YV, Orlova LA, Zenin VN, Lbova LV, Dementiev VN (2011) Radiocarbon dating of the Palaeolithic of Siberia and the Russian Far East: materials for 14C data catalogue (as of the end of 2010). Stratum plus 1:171–200 (in Russian with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lisitsyn NF (2000) Pozdny paleolit Chulymo-Yeniseiskogo mezhdurechya [The Late Paleolithic of the Chulym-Yenisei interfluve]. Tsentr “Petersburgskoye Vostokovedenie”, St. Petersburg. (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald GM, Beilman DW, Kuzmin YV, Orlova LA, Kremenetski KV, Shapiro B, Wayne RK, Van Valkenburgh B (2012) Pattern of extinction of the woolly mammoth in Beringia. Nat Comm 3(893):1–8. doi:10.1038/ncomms1881

    Google Scholar 

  • Mochanov YA (2009) The earliest stages of settlement by people of Northeast Asia. Beringia Shared Heritage Program, Anchorage [translation of Mochanov YA (1977) Drevneishie etapy zaseleniya chelovekom Severo-Vostochnoi Azii. Nauka Publ., Novosibirsk]

    Google Scholar 

  • Nikolskiy PA, Sulerzhitsky LD, Pitulko VV (2011) Last straw versus Blitzkrieg overkill: climate-driven changes in the Arctic Siberian mammoth population and the Late Pleistocene extinction problem. Quat Sci Rev 30:2309–2328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pavlov PY (2008) The Paleolithic of northeastern Europe: new data. Archaeol Ethnol Anthropol Eurasia 33:33–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pavlov P, Indrelid S, Svendsen JI (2001) Human presence in the European Arctic nearly 40,000 years ago. Nature 413:64–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pavlov P, Roebroeks W, Svendsen JI (2004) The Pleistocene colonization of northeastern Europe: a report on recent research. J Hum Evol 47:3–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pavlova EY, Ivanova VV, Meyer H, Pitulko VV (2015) Izotopny sostav iskopaemykh ldov kak indicator paleoklimaticheskikh izmenenyi na severe Novosibirskikh ostrovov i zapade Yano-Indogirskoi nizmennosti [Stable isotope composition of ground ice as an indicator of paleoclimatic changes in the northern New Siberian Islands and the western Yana-Indigirka lowland]. In: Ryzhov YV, Lavrushin YA, Opekunova MY, Makarov SA, Golubtsov VA, Shekhovtsev AI (eds) Fundamentalnye problemy kvartera, itogi izucheniya i osnovnye napravleniya dalneishikh issledovanyi. Institute of Geography Press, Irkutsk, pp 349–351 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitulko VV, Pavlova EY (2010) Geoarchaeology and radiocarbon chronology of the Stone Age of Northeast Asia. Nauka Publ, St. Petersburg (in Russian with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitulko VV, Nikolsky PA, Girya EY, Basilyan AE, Tumskoy VE, Koulakov SA, Astakhov SN, Pavlova EY, Anisimov MA (2004) The Yana RHS site: humans in the Arctic before the Last Glacial Maximum. Science 303:52–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pitulko VV, Pavlova EY, Kuzmina SA, Nikolskiy PA, Basilyan AE, Tumskoy VE, Anisimov MA (2007) Natural-climatic changes in the Yana-Indigirka lowland during the terminal Kargino time and habitat of Late Paleolithic man in northern part of East Siberia. Doklady Earth Sci 417:1256–1260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pitulko VV, Pavlova EY, Nikolskiy PA, Ivanova VV (2012) The oldest art of the Eurasian Arctic: personal ornaments and symbolic objects from Yana RHS, Arctic Siberia. Antiquity 86:642–659

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pitulko VV, Pavlova EY, Nikolskiy PA, Ivanova VV, Basilyan AE, Anisimov MA, Remizov SO (2015) Human colonization of Siberian Arctic in Late Neopleistocene and Holocene: new archaeological map materials. In: Chairkina NM (ed) IV-th Northern Archaeological Congress. Papers. Institute of History and Archaeology, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg & Khanty-Mansiisk., pp 153–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitulko VV, Tikhonov AN, Pavlova EY, Nikolskiy PA, Kuper KE, Polozov RN (2016) Early human presence in the Arctic: evidence from 45,000-year-old mammoth remains. Science 351:260–263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raghavan M, Skoglund P, Graf KE, Metspalu M, Albrechtsen A, Moltke I, Rasmussen S, Stafford TW Jr, Orlando L, Metspalu E, Karmin M, Tambets K, Rootsi S, Mägi R, Campos PF, Balanovska E, Balanovsky O, Khusnutdinova E, Litvinov S, Osipova LP, Fedorova SA, Voevoda MI, DeGiorgio M, Sicheritz-Ponten T, Brunak S, Demeshchenko S, Kivisild T, Villems R, Nielsen R, Jakobsson M, Willerslev E (2014) Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans. Nature 405:87–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen SO, Bigler M, Blockley SP, Blunier T, Buchardt SL, Clausen HB, Cvijanovic I, Dahl-Jensen D, Johnsen SJ, Fischer H, Gkinis V, Guillevic M, Hoek WZ, Lowe JJ, Pedro JB, Popp T, Seierstad IK, Steffensen JP, Svensson AM, Vallelonga P, Vinther BM, Walker MJC, Wheatley JJ, Winstrup M (2014) A stratigraphic framework for abrupt climatic changes during the Last Glacial period based on three synchronized Greenland ice-core records: refining and extending the INTIMATE event stratigraphy. Quat Sci Rev 106:14–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reimer PJ, Bard E, Bayliss A, Beck JW, Blackwell PG, Bronk Ramsey C, Buck CE, Cheng H, Edwards RL, Friedrich M, Grootes PM, Guilderson TP, Haflidason H, Hajdas I, Hatté C, Heaton TJ, Hoffmann DI, Hogg AG, Hughen KA, Kaiser KF, Kromer B, Manning SW, Niu M, Reimer RW, Richards DA, Scott EM, Southon JR, Staff RA, Turney CSM, van der Plicht J (2013) IntCal13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0—50,000 years cal BP. Radiocarbon 55:1869–1887

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richards MP, Pettitt PB, Stiner MC, Trinkaus E (2001) Stable isotope evidence for increasing dietary breadth in the European mid-Upper Paleolithic. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:6528–6532

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roche DM, Dokken TM, Goosse H, Renssen H, Weber SL (2007) Climate of the Last Glacial Maximum: sensitivity studies and model-data comparison with the LOVECLIM coupled model. Clim Past 3:205–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Savvinova GM, Mochanov YA, Fedoseeva SA (1996) Pollen records from archaeological sites in the Aldansky region, Sakha Republic. In: West FH (ed) American beginnings: the prehistory and palaeoecology of Beringia. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 97–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Slimak L, Svendsen JI, Mangerud J, Plisson H, Heggen HP, Brugère A, Pavlov PY (2011) Late Mousterian persistence near the Arctic Circle. Science 332:841–845

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soffer O (1990) The Russian Plain at the Last Glacial Maximum. In: Soffer O, Gamble C (eds) The world at 18,000 B.P. Volume 1: High latitudes. Unwin Hyman, London, pp 228–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Soffer O (1993) Upper Paleolithic adaptations in central and eastern Europe and man-mammoth interactions. In: Soffer O, Praslov ND (eds) From Kostenki to Clovis: Upper Paleolithic–Paleo-Indian adaptations. Plenum Press, New York, pp 31–49

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Spriggs M (1989) The dating of the island Southeast Asian Neolithic: an attempt at chronometric hygiene and linguistic correlation. Antiquity 63:587–613

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stepanov AD, Kirillin AS, Vorobiev SA, Solivieva EN, Efimov NN (2003) Peshchera Khayrgas na Srednei Lene (rezultaty issledovaniy 1998–1999 gg.) [The Khayrgas Cave in the middle part of the Lena River (results of the 1998–1999 investigations)]. In: Alekseev AN (ed) Drevnie kultury Severo-Vostochnoi Azii. Astroarkheologiya. Paleoinformatika. Nauka Publ, Novosibirsk, pp 98–113 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Street M, Terberger T, Orschiedt J (2006) A critical review of the German Paleolithic hominin record. J Hum Evol 51:551–579

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stuart AJ, Lister AM (2012) Extinction chronology of the woolly rhinoceros Coelodonta antiquitatis in the context of late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions in northern Eurasia. Quat Sci Rev 51:1–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sulerzhitsky LD (2004) Vremya sushchestvovaniya nekotorykh pozdnepaleoliticheskikh poselenii po dannym radiouglerodnogo datirovaniya kostei megafauny [The chronological span of existence for some Late Paleolithic sites according to the radiocarbon dating of megafaunal bones]. Rossiiskaya Arkheologiya 3:103–112 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Svendsen JI, Pavlov P (2003) Mamontovaya Kurya: an enigmatic, nearly 40 000 years old Paleolithic site in the Russian Arctic. Trabalhos de Arqueologia 33:109–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Svendsen JI, Heggen HP, Hufthammer AK, Mangerud J, Pavlov P, Roebroeks W (2010) Geo-archaeological investigations of Palaeolithic sites along the Ural Mountains—on the northern presence of humans during the last Ice Age. Quat Sci Rev 29:3138–3156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tarasov AY, Artemiev EV, Mandryka PV, Chekha VP, Yamskikh AA (2002) Raskopki paleoliticheskogo mestonakhozhdeniya Urochishche Gosudarev Log 1 [Excavations of the Paleolithic locality Gosudarev Log 1]. In: Sedov VV, Lopatin NV (eds) Arkheologicheskie otkrytiya 2001 goda. Nauka Publ, Moscow (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Terberger T (2013) Le Dernier Maximum glaciaire entre le Rhin et le Danube, un réexamen critique. Mémoires de la Société Préhistorique Française 56:415–443

    Google Scholar 

  • Terberger T, Street M (2002) Hiatus or continuity? New results for the question of pleniglacial settlement in Central Europe. Antiquity 76:691–698

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tseitlin SM (1979) Geologiya paleolita Severnoi Azii [The geology of the Paleolithic of Northern Asia]. Nauka Publ, Moscow (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • van Andel TH, Davies W (eds) (2003) Neanderthals and modern humans in the European landscape during the Last Glaciation: archaeological results of the Stage 3 Project. MacDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • van Klinken GJ (1999) Bone collagen quality indicators for palaeodietary and radiocarbon measurements. J Archaeol Sci 26:687–695

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasil’ev SA (2000) The Siberian mosaic: Upper Palaeolithic adaptations and change before the Last Glacial Maximum. In: Roebroeks W, Mussi M, Svoboda J, Fennema K (eds) Hunters of the Golden Age: The mid Upper Palaeolithic of Eurasia 30,000–20,000 B.P. University of Leiden Press, Leiden, pp 173–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasil’ev SA (2003) Faunal exploitation, subsistence practices and Pleistocene extinctions in Palaeolithic Siberia. In: Reumer JWF, de Vos J, Mol D (eds) Advances in mammoth research. Natural History Museum, Rotterdam, pp 513–556

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasil’ev SA, Kuzmin YV, Orlova LA, Dementiev VN (2002) Radiocarbon-based chronology of the Paleolithic in Siberia and its relevance to the peopling of the New World. Radiocarbon 44:503–530

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasil’ev SA, Yamskikh AF, Yamskikh GY, Kuzmin YV, Jull AJT (2005) Novye dannye po khronologii i paleosrede mnogosloinykh stoianok Maininskogo rayona na Verkhnem Yenisee [New data on chronology and paleoenvironment of the Maina region sites in Upper Yenisei River basin]. In: Derevianko AP, Shunkov MV (eds) Aktualnye voprosy evraziiskogo paleolitovedeniya. Institute of Archaeology & Ethnography Press, Novosibirsk, pp 25–35 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Velichko AA, Kurenkova EI (1990) Environmental conditions and human occupation of northern Eurasia during the Late Valdai. In: Soffer O, Gamble C (eds) The world at 18,000 B.P. Volume 1: high latitudes. Unwin Hyman, London, pp 255–265

    Google Scholar 

  • Velichko AA, Vasil’ev SA, Gribchenko YN, Kurenkova EI (2014) Etapy pervichnogo osvoeniya chelovekom Arktiki i Subarktiki [Stages of initial human colonization of the Arctic and Subarctic]. In: Kotlyakov VM, Velichko AA, Vasil’ev SA (eds) Pervonachalnoe zaselenie Arktiki chelovekom v usloviyakh menyayushcheisya prirodnoi sredy. Geos Press, Moscow, pp 422–446 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yi S, Clark G (1985) The “Dyuktai culture” and New World origins. Curr Anthropol 26:1–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zenin VN, van der Plicht J, Orlova LA, Kuzmin YV (2000) AMS 14C chronology of woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius Blum.) remains from the Shestakovo Upper Paleolithic site, western Siberia: timing of human-mammoth interaction. Nucl Instr Meth Phys Res B 172:745–750

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This paper resulted from an invited talk at the XIX-th INQUA Congress at Nagoya, Japan (July–August 2015), as part of the Session “LGM Prehistory in Northern Eurasia.” We are grateful to Dr. Vladimir V. Pitulko (Institute of the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia) for providing details about the Lagerny locality, Yana River basin. We appreciate comments and suggestions by Prof. Dr. Thomas Terberger (Lower Saxony State Office for Heritage, Hanover, Germany) and an anonymous reviewer. This research was supported by the Program of Scientific Research, Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Novosibirsk; the Tomsk State University Program “Academician D.I. Mendeleev Fund” (2015–2016; grant No. 8.1.22.2015) for Laboratory of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Continental Ecosystems; and partly by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (2015).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Koptyug Ave. 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

    Yaroslav V. Kuzmin

  2. Laboratory of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Continental Ecosystems, Tomsk State University, Lenin Ave. 36, Tomsk, 634050, Russia

    Yaroslav V. Kuzmin

  3. Düsseldorf, 40239, Germany

    Susan G. Keates

Authors
  1. Yaroslav V. Kuzmin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Susan G. Keates
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yaroslav V. Kuzmin.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kuzmin, Y.V., Keates, S.G. Siberia and neighboring regions in the Last Glacial Maximum: did people occupy northern Eurasia at that time?. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 10, 111–124 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-016-0342-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-016-0342-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation