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Conformal and continuous deposition of bifunctional cobalt phosphide layers on p-silicon nanowire arrays for improved solar hydrogen evolution

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Abstract

Vertically aligned p-silicon nanowire (SiNW) arrays have been extensively investigated in recent years as promising photocathodes for solar-driven hydrogen evolution. However, the fabrication of SiNW photocathodes with both high photoelectrocatalytic activity and long-term operational stability using a simple and affordable approach is a challenging task. Herein, we report conformal and continuous deposition of a di-cobalt phosphide (Co2P) layer on lithography-patterned highly ordered SiNW arrays via a cost-effective drop-casting method followed by a low-temperature phosphorization treatment. The as-deposited Co2P layer consists of crystalline nanoparticles and has an intimate contact with SiNWs, forming a well-defined SiNW@Co2P core/shell nanostructure. The conformal and continuous Co2P layer functions as a highly efficient catalyst capable of substantially improving the photoelectrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and effectively passivates the SiNWs to protect them from photo-oxidation, thus prolonging the lifetime of the electrode. As aconsequence, the SiNW@Co2P photocathode with an optimized Co2P layer thickness exhibits a high photocurrent density of–21.9 mA·cm−2 at 0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode and excellent operational stability up to 20 h for solar-driven hydrogen evolution, outperforming many nanostructured silicon photocathodes reported in the literature. The combination of passivation and catalytic functions in a single continuous layer represents a promising strategy for designing high-performance semiconductor photoelectrodes for use insolar-driven water splitting, which may simplify fabrication procedures andpotentially reduce production costs.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by ERDF funds through the Portuguese Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization COMPETE 2020, and national funds through FCT–The Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the project “PTDC/ CTM-ENE/2349/2014” (Grant Agreement No. 016660). The work is also partially funded by the Portugal-China Bilateral Collaborative Programme (FCT/21102/28/12/2016/S). L. F. Liu acknowledges the financial support of the FCT Investigator Grant (IF/01595/2014) and Exploratory Grant (IF/01595/2014/CP1247/CT0001). L. Qiao acknowledges the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant Agreement No. 2016YFE0132400).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre. Jose Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal

    Sitaramanjaneva Mouli Thalluri, Jerome Borme, Kang Yu, Junyuan Xu, Isilda Amorim, Joao Gaspar, Paulo Ferreira, Pedro Alpuim & Lifeng Liu

  2. Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA

    Kang Yu & Paulo Ferreira

  3. Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China

    Liang Qiao

  4. Mechanical Engineering Department and IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, 1049-001, Portugal

    Paulo Ferreira

  5. Center of Physics, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal

    Pedro Alpuim

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  1. Sitaramanjaneva Mouli Thalluri
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Conformal and continuous deposition of bifunctional cobalt phosphide layers on p-silicon nanowire arrays for improved solar hydrogen evolution

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Thalluri, S.M., Borme, J., Yu, K. et al. Conformal and continuous deposition of bifunctional cobalt phosphide layers on p-silicon nanowire arrays for improved solar hydrogen evolution. Nano Res. 11, 4823–4835 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-018-2070-4

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