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A Collaborative Nationwide Lymphoma Study in Lebanon: Incidence of Various Subtypes and Analysis of Associations with Viruses

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Pathology & Oncology Research

Abstract

Incidence of various Hodgkin (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtypes and association with viruses in Lebanon are not known. We undertook a nationwide study of 272 patients diagnosed with lymphoma in 2007. HL comprised 32.7 % (n = 89) of cases while NHL represented 67.3 % (n = 183). Consistent with the literature, nodular sclerosis was the most predominant HL subtype (n = 57/89). Among NHL, B-cell NHL represented 88 % (n = 161/183), T-cell NHL 9 % (n = 17/183), whereas in 2.7 % it was not classifiable. The B-cell NHL comprised predominantly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (46 %) and follicular lymphoma (23 %). 81 cases were reviewed by a panel of pathologists with 87.6 % concordance rate. Serology was negative for hepatitis C in 122 tested cases. HIV was positive in 2 cases. Two adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma were HTLV-I positive. EBV IgG were positive in 88.5 % of cases. 38 EBV seropositive cases [27 NHL (24 B-cell, 3 T-cell) and 11 HL] were studied for EBV genome expression using EBV-encoded RNA (EBER)-in situ hybridization. EBER expression was positive in 8 (21 %) cases (6 HL, 2 T-cell NHL). The distribution of lymphoma subtypes in Lebanon appears similar to that of Western countries. The high rate of EBV positivity in HL and T-cell lymphoma by EBER deserves further investigation.

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Acknowledgement

This study was supported by an unrestricted grant from Hoffman La Roche pharmaceutical.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

    Zaher K. Otrock, Jad Saab, Ayman Tawil, Rami A. Mahfouz & Ghazi Zaatari

  2. Institut National de Pathologie, Beirut, Lebanon

    Georges Aftimos & Saad Khairallah

  3. Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon

    Fady Nasr, Gérard Abadjian, Marwan Ghosn, Claude Ghorra, Georges Chahine & Joseph Kattan

  4. Hammoud Hospital University Medical Center, Saida, Lebanon

    Fadi S. Farhat, Walid Dayeh & Khaled Ibrahim

  5. Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon

    Hassan Sidani, Ahmad Ibrahim & Anas Mugharbel

  6. Saint Georges Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon

    Zarouhie Meguerian, Joseph Makdessi & Mirna El Hajj

  7. Islamic Hospital, Tripoli, Lebanon

    Walid Mokaddem

  8. Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, PO Box 113-6044, Beirut, Lebanon

    Ziad Salem, Mohamed A. Kharfan-Dabaja & Ali Bazarbachi

  9. Sahel General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon

    Nizar Bitar

  10. Trad Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon

    Christina Khater

  11. Middle East Institute of Health, Beirut, Lebanon

    Dany Abi Gerges

  12. Saint Georges Hospital, Ajaltoun, Lebanon

    Charles Sfeir

  13. Rizk Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon

    Michel Saade

  14. Bekaa General Hospital, Bekaa, Lebanon

    Hussein Sadek

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  1. Zaher K. Otrock
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Correspondence to Ali Bazarbachi.

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Otrock, Z.K., Saab, J., Aftimos, G. et al. A Collaborative Nationwide Lymphoma Study in Lebanon: Incidence of Various Subtypes and Analysis of Associations with Viruses. Pathol. Oncol. Res. 19, 715–722 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12253-013-9634-0

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