Abstract
A field study was conducted in 2012 and 2013, two seasons with very different temperature and rainfall patterns in Poland, with 2012 being a normal good year for potato production, and 2013 being poor. Four potato cultivars (Viviana, Gawin, Legenda, Gustaw) were grown under organic and conventional systems. Morphological and physiological characteristics of the plants were determined, as well as tuber yield and size distributions. As expected, the organic production system resulted in less than optimal plant growth, tuber yield and tuber size even in the normal season of 2012. But the reduction in these parameters was even more pronounced in 2013. For example, in the poor growing year, total yield was reduced by 45 % in conventional, but 55 % in organic. Tuber size was particularly impacted in organic production in an unfavorable year, as small tubers increasing by 39 % in conventional, but 149 % in organic. Thus, the impact of unfavorable weather conditions results in greater losses in crop value for organic growing systems than conventional.
Resumen
En 2012 y 2013 se desarrolló un estudio de campo, dos temporadas con muy diferentes patrones de temperatura y lluvia en Polonia, con 2012 siendo un año normal bueno para la producción de papa, y 2013 siendo pobre. Se cultivaron cuatro variedades (Viviana, Gawin, Legenda, Gustaw) bajo sistemas orgánico y convencional. Se determinaron características morfológicas y fisiológicas de las plantas, así como distribuciones de rendimiento y tamaño de tubérculos. Como se esperaba, el sistema de producción orgánica resultó en poco menos de crecimiento óptimo de la planta, rendimiento y tamaño de tubérculo en el ciclo de cultivo normal de 2012. La reducción de estos parámetros fue más pronunciada en 2013. Por ejemplo, en el año de pobre crecimiento, se redujo el rendimiento total en un 45 % en el sistema convencional, pero 55 % en el orgánico. Se impactó particularmente el tamaño de tubérculo en la producción orgánica en un año desfavorable, como tubérculos pequeños que se incrementaron en 39 % en cultivo convencional pero 149 % en el orgánico. De esto se desprende que el impacto de las condiciones meteorológicas desfavorables resulta en mayores pérdidas en el valor del cultivo para sistemas orgánicos que para los convencionales.
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Zarzyńska, K., Pietraszko, M. Influence of Climatic Conditions on Development and Yield of Potato Plants Growing Under Organic and Conventional Systems in Poland. Am. J. Potato Res. 92, 511–517 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-015-9465-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-015-9465-5