Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Diploid and Tetraploid Cytotypes of Centaurea stoebe (Asteraceae) in Central Europe: Morphological Differentiation and Cytotype Distribution Patterns

  • Published:
Folia Geobotanica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The taxomically critical species Centaurea stoebe is represented in Central Europe by a diploid (2n = 18) and a tetraploid (2n = 36) cytotype. Their morphological differentiation and taxonomic treatment is still controversial. Karyological (chromosome numbers and flow cytometric measurements) and multivariate morphometric analyses were used here to address cytotype distribution patterns and their morphological differentiation. Material from 38 localities (771 individuals) in Slovakia, Hungary and Austria, including type localities of the names traditionally applied to the different cytotypes, was sampled and evaluated using both morphometric and karyological approaches. The morphological tendency towards cytotype differentiation is evident only at a population level, and is blurred at the level of individual plants. Diploid populations prevail in the area studied, as well as throughout Europe; mixed-cytotype populations were also found. The present data, namely the weak morphological distinction, largely sympatric occurrence of the cytotypes, and the existence of mixed-cytotype populations, favour taxonomic treatment as a single species, without recognition of infraspecific units.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adler W, Oswald K, Fischer R (1994) Exkursionsflora von Österreich. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Agapova ND, Arkharova KB, Vakhtina LI, Zemskova EA, Tarvis LV (1990) Chisla khromosom tsvetkovykh rastenii flory SSSR: Aceraceae — Menyanthaceae. Nauka, Leningrad

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson MD, Codling AN (1986) A reliable method for distinguishing between Betula pendula and B. pubescens. Watsonia 16:75–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Baksay L (1958) The chromosome numbers of Ponto-Mediterranean plant species. Ann Hist-Nat Mus Natl Hung 50 (Ser Nov 9):121–125

    Google Scholar 

  • Bancheva S, Greilhuber J (2006) Genome size in Bulgarian Centaurea s. l. (Asteraceae). Pl Syst Evol 257:95–117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blanca López G (1983) Números cromosomáticos de plantas occidentales. Ann Jard Bot Madrid 40:257–261

    Google Scholar 

  • Boggs KW, Story JM (1987) The population age structure of spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) in Montana. Weed Sci 35:194–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Broennimann O, Treier UA, Müller-Schärer H, Thuiller W, Peterson AT, Guisan A (2007) Evidence of climatic niche shift during biological invasion. Ecol Lett 10:701–709

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brummitt RK (2004) Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta 54. Taxon 53:813–825

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crowe ML, Bourchier RS (2006) Interspecific interactions between the gall-fly Urophora affinis Frfld. (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the weevil Larinus minutus Gyll. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), two biological control agents released against spotted knapweed, Centaurea stoebe L. ssp. micranthos. Biocontrol Sci Technol 16:417–430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dostál J (1973) Preliminary notes on the subtribe Centaureinae. Acta Bot Acad Sci Hung 19:73–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Dostál J (1976) Centaurea L. In Tutin TG, Heywood VH, Burges NA, Moore DM, Valentine DH, Walters SM, Webb DA (eds) Flora Europaea 4. Cambridge University Press, London, New York, pp 254–301

    Google Scholar 

  • Dostál J (1989) Nová květena ČSSR 2. Academia Praha, Praha

    Google Scholar 

  • Dostál J, Červenka M (1992) Veľký kľúč na určovanie vyšších rastlín 2. SPN, Bratislava

    Google Scholar 

  • Emery SM, Gross KL (2005) Effects of prescribed fire on the demography of an invasive plant, spotted knapweed Centaurea maculosa. J Appl Ecol 42:60–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Everitt B (1986) Cluster analysis. Ed. 2, Gower, Halsted Press, New York (reprint 2)

    Google Scholar 

  • Futák J (1984) Fytogeografické členenie. In Bertová L (ed) Flóra Slovenska 4(1) (Appendix). Veda, VSAV, Bratislava

    Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Jacas N, Susanna A, Garnatje T, Villatersana R (2001) Generic delimitation and phylogeny of the subtribe Centaureinae (Asteraceae): a combined nuclear and chloroplast DNA analysis. Ann Bot (Oxford) 87:503–515

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Jacas N, Susanna A, Mozaffarian V, Ilarslan R (2000) The natural delimitation of Centaurea (Asteraceae: Cardueae): ITS sequence analysis of the Centaurea jacea group. Pl Syst Evol 223:185–199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Jacas N, Uysal T, Romashchenko K, Suárez-Santiago VN, Ertuğrul K, Susanna A (2006) Centaurea revisited: A molecular survey of the Jacea group. Ann Bot (Oxford) 98:741–753

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldblatt P, Johnson DE (2007) Index to plant chromosome numbers, 1979-. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, http://mobot.mobot.org/W3T/Search/ipcn.html

  • Greuter W (2003) The Euro+Med treatment of Cardueae (Compositae) — generic concepts and required new names. Willdenowia 33:49–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Greuter W, Agababian M, Wagenitz G (2005) Vaillant on Compositae — systematic concepts and nomenclatural impact. Taxon 54:149–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Greuter W, Wagenitz G, Agababian M, Hellwig FH (2001) Proposal to conserve the name Centaurea (Compositae) with a conserved type. Taxon 50:1201–1205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gugler W (1907) Die Centaureen des Ungarischen Nationalmuseums. Ann Hist-Nat Mus Natl Hung 6:1–297

    Google Scholar 

  • Guinochet M (1956) Sur l′existence d′une forme systématique normalement trisomique chez Centaurea paniculata L. Compt Rend Acad Sci Paris 243:2130–2132

    Google Scholar 

  • Guinochet M (1957) Contribution à l’étude caryologique du genre Centaurea L. sens. lat. Bull Soc Hist Nat Afr Nord 48:282–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Halverson K, Heard SB, Nason JD, Stireman JO (2008) Origin, distribution, and local co-occurrence of polyploid cytotypes in Solidago altissima (Asteraceae). Amer J Bot 95:50–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hardy OJ, Vanderhoeven S, De Loose M, Meerts P (2000) Ecological, morphological and allozymic differentiation between diploid and tetraploid knapweeds (Centaurea jacea) from a contact zone in the Belgian Ardenes. New Phytol 146:281–290

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hardy OJ, De Loose M, Vekemans X, Meerts P (2001) Allozyme segregation and inter-cytotype reproductive barriers in the polyploid complex Centaurea jacea. Heredity 87:136–145

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hill LM (1995) IOPB chromosome data 9. Newslett Int Organ Pl Biosyst 24:19–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodálová I, Grulich V, Horová L, Valachovič M, Marhold K (2007) Occurrence of tetraploid and octoploid cytotypes of Senecio jacobaea ssp. jacobaea (Asteraceae) in Pannonia and the Carpathians. Bot J Linn Soc 154:231–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holmgren PK, Holmgren NH, Barnett LC (1990) Index Herbariorum. Part 1. The herbaria of the World. Regnum Veg 120:1–693

    Google Scholar 

  • Holub J (1972) On correct generic names of Acrocentron Cass. and Acrolophus Cass. (Centaurea L. s.l.). Preslia 44:215–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Holub J (1973) Some new nomenclatural combinations in Centaureinae (Asteraceae). Preslia 45:142–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Holub J (1974) Some new nomenclatural combinations in Centaureinae (Asteraceae) II. Preslia 46:225–229

    Google Scholar 

  • Hook PB, Olson BE, Wraith JM (2004) Effects of the invasive forb Centaurea maculosa on grassland carbon and nitrogen pools in Montana, USA. Ecosystems 7:686–694

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hufbauer RA, Sforza R (2008) Multiple introductions of two invasive Centaurea taxa inferred from cpDNA haplotypes. Diversity Distributions 14:252–261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Husband B (2000) Constraints on polyploid evolution: a test of the minority cytotype exclusion principle. Proc Biol Sci 267:217–223

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Husband B (2004) The role of triploid hybrids in the evolutionary dynamics of mixed-ploidy populations. Biol J Linn Soc 82:537–546

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Husband B, Sabara HA (2003) Reproductive isolation between autotetraploids and their diploid progenitors in fireweed, Chamerion angustifolium (Onagraceae). New Phytol 161:703–713

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keeler KH, Davis GA (1999) Comparison of common cytotypes of Andropogon gerardii (Andropogoneae, Poaceae). Amer J Bot 86:974–979

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kerner AJ (1872) Die Vegetations-Verhältnisse des mittleren und östlichen Ungarns und angrenzenden Siebenbürgens. Oesterr Bot Z 22:117–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Klecka WR (1980) Discriminant analysis. Sage University Papers, Series: Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, no. 19. Sage, Beverly Hills

    Google Scholar 

  • Koutecký P (2007) Morphological and ploidy level variation of Centaruea phrygia agg. (Asteraceae) in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Ukraine. Folia Geobot 42:77–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koutecký P (2008) Taxonomická studie středoevropských zástupců Centaurea sect. Jacea (chrpa). [Taxonomic study of Central European taxa of Centaurea sect. Jacea (Knapweeds)]. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice

  • Krzanowski WJ (1990) Principles of multivariate analysis. Clarendon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Legendre P, Legendre L (1998) Numerical ecology. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Leitch IJ, Bennett MD (2004) Genome downsizing in polyploid plants. Biol J Linn Soc 82:651–663

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levin DA (1975) Minority cytotype exclusion in local plant populations. Taxon 24:35–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lihová J, Marhold K, Neuffer B (2000) Taxonomy of Cardamine amara (Cruciferae) in the Iberian Peninsula. Taxon 49:747–763

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lihová J, Tribsch A, Marhold K (2003) The Cardamine pratensis (Brassicaceae) group in the Iberian Peninsula: taxonomy, polyploidy and distribution. Taxon 52:783–802

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lihová J, Marhold K, Tribsch A, Stuessy TF (2004) Morphometric and AFLP re-evaluation of tetraploid Cardamine amara (Brassicaceae) in the Mediterranean. Syst Bot 29:134–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Löve Á, Löve D (1961a) Some nomenclatural changes in the European flora I. Bot Not 114:33–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Löve Á, Löve D (1961b) Chromosome numbers of Central and Northwest European plant species. Opera Bot 5:1–581

    Google Scholar 

  • Lövkvist B, Hultgård U-M (1999) Chromosome numbers in south Swedish vascular plants. Opera Bot 137:1–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Lutgen ER, Rillig MC (2004) Influence of spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) management treatments on arbuscular mycorrhizae and soil aggregation. Weed Sci 52:172–177

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mądalski J, Ciaciura M (1972) Centaurea L. In Pawłowski B, Jasiewicz A, Browicz K, Mądalski J, Zarzycki K (eds) Flora Polska, Rośliny naczyniowe polski i ziem ościennych 13. Państwowe wydawnictwo naukove, Warszawa, Kraków, pp 35–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Marhold K (1996) Multivariate morphometric study of the Cardamine pratensis group (Cruciferae) in the Carpathian and Pannonian area. Pl Syst Evol 200:141–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marhold K (1999) Taxonomic evaluation of the tetraploid populations of Cardamine amara (Brassicaceae) from the Eastern Alps and adjacent areas. Bot Helv 109:67–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Marhold K, Hindák F (1998) Zoznam nižších a vyšších rastlín Slovenska — Checklist of non-vascular and vascular plants of Slovakia. VEDA, Vydavateľstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, Bratislava

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks GE (1954) An aceto-carmine glycerol jelly for use in pollen fertility counts. Stain Technol 29:277

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meusel H, Jäger EJ (1992) Vergleichende Chorologie der zentraleuropäischen Flora 3. G. Fischer, Jena, Stuttgart, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore RJ, Frankton C (1954) Cytotaxonomy of three species of Centaurea adventive in Canada. Canad J Bot 32:182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morefield JD, Schaack CG (1985) Chromosome number reports 86. Taxon 34:159–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Murín A. (1960) Substitution of cellophane for glass covers to facilitate preparation of permanent squashes and smears. Stain Technol 35:351–353

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagel J (2000) [Chromosome number reports] In: Ochsmann J, Morphologische und molekularsystematische Untersuchungen an der Centaurea stoebe L. — Gruppe (Asteraceae-Cardueae) in Europa. Diss Bot 324:233–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakagawa M (2006) Ploidy, geographical distribution and morphological differentiation of Parasenecio auriculata (Senecioneae, Asteraceae) in Japan. J Pl Res 119:51–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Niklfeld H (1971) Bericht über die Kartierung der Flora Mitteleuropas. Taxon 20:545–571

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ochsmann J (1999) Chromosomenzahlen einiger europäischer Centaurea-Sippen (Asteraceae). Haussknechtia 7:59–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Ochsmann J (2000) Morphologische und molekularsystematische Untersuchungen an der Centaurea stoebe L. — Gruppe (Asteraceae-Cardueae) in Europa. Diss Bot 324

  • Osborn TC, Pires JCH, Birchler JA, Auger DL, Chen ZJ, Lee H-S, Comai L, Madlung A, Doerge RW, Colot V, Martienssen RA (2003) Understanding mechanisms of novel gene expression in polyploids. Trends Genet 19:141–147

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Otto F (1990) DAPI staining of fixed cells for high-resolution flow cytometry of nuclear DNA. In Crissman HA, Darzynkiewicz Z (eds), Methods in cell biology 33. Academic Press, New York, pp 105–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Perný M, Tribsch A, Stuessy TF, Marhold K (2005). Taxonomy and cytogeography of Cardamine raphanifolia and C. gallaecica (Brassicaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula. Pl Syst Evol 254:69–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perry LG, Thelen GC, Ridenour WM, Weir TL, Callaway RM, Paschke MW, Vivanco JM (2005) Dual role for an allelochemical: (±)-catechin from Centaurea maculosa root exudates regulates conspecific seedling establishment. J Ecol 93:1126–1135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Podani J (2001) SYN-TAX 2000. Computer programs for data analysis in ecology and systematics. User’s manual. Scientia Publishing, Budapest

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell AM, Kyhos DW, Raven PH (1974) Chromosome numbers in Compositae 10. Amer J Bot 61:909–913

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Probatova NS, Rudyka EG, Sokolovskaya AP (1996) Chromosome numbers in synanthropic plants from the Russian Far East. Bot Zhurn 81(5):98–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Prodan J, Nyárády EI (1964) Centaurea. In Săvulescu T (ed), Flora Republicii Populare Romîne 9. Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, Bucuresti, pp 785–951

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowley GD (2007) Cytotypes: a case for infraspecific names. Taxon 56:983

    Google Scholar 

  • SAS Institute (2000) SAS OnlineDoc©, version 8 (available online). SAS Institute, Cary

    Google Scholar 

  • Schols P, Dessein S, D’Hondt C, Huysmans S, Smets E (2002) Carnoy, a new digital measurement tool for palynology. Grana 41:124–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schönswetter P, Suda J, Popp M, Weiss-Schneeweiss H, Brochmann Ch (2007) Circumpolar phylogeography of Juncus biglumis (Juncaceae) inferred from AFLP fingerprints, cpDNA sequences, nuclear DNA content and chromosome numbers. Molec Phylogen Evol 42:92–103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schubert R, Vent W (1976) Rothmaler Exkursionflora für die Gebiete der DDR und BRD 4. Volk und Wissen Volkseigener Verlag, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Siljak-Yakovlev S, Solic ME, Catrice O, Brown SC, Papes D (2005) Nuclear DNA content and chromosome number in some diploid and tetraploid Centaurea (Asteraceae: Cardueae) from the Dalmatia Region. Pl Biol 7:397–404

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simon T (2000) A magyarországi edényes flóra határozója. Nemzeti Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest

    Google Scholar 

  • Skalińska M, Piotrowicz M, Czapik R, et al (1959) Further studies in chromosome numbers of Polish Angiosperms (Dicotyledons). Acta Soc Bot Polon 28:487–529

    Google Scholar 

  • Sneath PAH, Sokal RR (1973) Numerical taxonomy. Principles and practice of numerical classification. W. H. Freeman and company, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • Soják J (1972) Nomenklatorické poznámky (Phanerogamae). Čas Nár Mus Odd Přír 140:127–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Tate JA (2003) Advances in the study of polyploidy since Plant speciation. New Phytol 161:173–191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Pires JCH, Kovarik A, Tate JA, Mavrodiev E (2004) Recent and recurrent polyploidy in Tragopogon (Asteraceae): cytogenetic, genomic and genetic comparisons. Biol J Linn Soc 82:485–501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Schemske DW, Hancock JF, Thompson JN, Husband BC, Judd WS (2007) Autopolyploidy in angiosperms: have we grossly underestimated the number of species? Taxon 56:13–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Soó R (1970) A magyar flóra és vegetáció rendszertani növényföldrajzi kézikönyve 4. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest

    Google Scholar 

  • Španiel S (2007) [New records in Centaurea]. In Marhold K, Mártonfi P, Mereďa P, Mráz P (eds), Chromosome number survey of the ferns and flowering plants of Slovakia. VEDA, Bratislava, pp 179, 181–183

    Google Scholar 

  • Stace C (1991) New flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Štepánek J (2002) Centaurea L. In Kubát K, Hrouda L, Chrtek J, Kaplan Z, Kirschner J, Štěpánek J (eds) Klíč ke květeně České republiky. Academia, Praha, pp 673–676

    Google Scholar 

  • Štepánek J, Koutecký P (2005) Centaurea L. In Slavík B, Štepánková J (eds) Květena České republiky 7. Academia, Praha, pp 426–449

    Google Scholar 

  • Story JM, Smith L, Good WR (2001) Relationship among growth attributes of spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) in Western Montana. Weed Technol 15:750–761

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suda J (1998) Taxonomická problematika rodu Oxycoccus v České republice se zvláštním zřetelem k území Šumavy. Zpr Čes Bot Společ 32(1997):189–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Suda J, Lysák MA (2001) A taxonomic study of the Vaccinium sect. Oxycoccus (Hill) W. D. J. Koch (Ericaceae) in the Czech Republic and adjacent territories. Folia Geobot 36:303–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Suda J, Weiss-Schneeweiss H, Tribsch A, Schneeweiss GM, Trávníček P, Schönswetter P (2007) Complex distribution patterns of di, tetra-, and hexaploid cytotypes in the European high mountain plant Senecio carniolicus (Asteraceae). Amer J Bot 94:1391–1401

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Susanna A, Garcia-Jacas N, Soltis DE, Soltis PS (1995) Phylogenetic relationships in tribe Cardueae (Asteraceae) based on ITS sequences. Amer J Bot 82:1056–1068

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor RL, Taylor S (1977) Chromosome numbers of vascular plants of British Columbia. Syesis 10:125–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorpe RS (1976) Biometric analysis of geographic variation and racial varietes. Biol Rev 51:407–452

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trávníček B, Lysák AM, Číhalíková J, Doležel J (2004) Karyotaxonomic study of the genus Pseudolysimachion (Scrophulariaceae) in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Folia Geobot 39:173–203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Dijk P, Bakx-Schotman T (1997) Chloroplast DNA phylogeography and cytotype geography in autopolyploid Plantago media. Molec Ecol 6:345–352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vanderhoeven S, Hardy O, Vekemans X, Lefèbre C, De Loose M, Lambinon J, Meerts P (2002) A morphometric study of populations of the Centaurea jacea complex (Asteraceae) in Belgium. Pl Biol 4:403–412

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Visjulina OD (1965) Flora URSR 12. Naukova Dumka, Kiiv

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagenitz G (1987) Centaurea. In Hegi G (ed) Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa 6/2: Nachträge, Berichtigungen und Ergänzungen zum Nachdruck der 1. Aufl. von Band VI/2 (1928/9). Ed. 2, Parey, Berlin, pp 1405–1413

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagenitz G, Hellwig FH (1996) Evolution of characters and phylogeny of the Centaureinae. In Hind DJN, Beentje HJ (eds), Compositae: Systematics. Proceedings of the International Compositae Conference, Kew, 1994. Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, pp 491–510

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner J (1910) A magyarozágy Centaureák ismertetése (Centaureae Hungariae). Budapest

  • Wendel JF (2000) Genome evolution in polyploids. Pl Molec Biol 42:225–249

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wendel J, Cronn RC, Johnston JS, Price HJ (2002) Feast and famine in plant genomes. Genetica 115:37–47

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Záborský J (1970) [Reports in Cyanus] In Májovský et al. Index of chromosome numbers of Slovakian flora (Part 1). Acta Fac Rerum Nat Univ Comeniae, Bot 16:9

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency, Bratislava, Slovakia (grant no. APVT-51-026404) and by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (grant no. 0021620828). We are grateful to Walter Till (Institute of Botany, University of Vienna) for his kind help in searching for the original material of Centaurea australis in the herbarium WU, and to Norbert Riezing (Környe, Hungary) for the company during the fieldwork in Hungary. P. Trávníček (Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice) assisted us with flow cytometric analyses.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14, SK-845 23, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

    Stanislav Španiel, Karol Marhold, Iva Hodálová & Judita Lihová

  2. Department of Botany, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Praha 2, Czech Republic

    Karol Marhold

Authors
  1. Stanislav Španiel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Karol Marhold
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Iva Hodálová
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Judita Lihová
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stanislav Španiel.

Electronic Supplementary Materials

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary materials.

12224_2008_9008_MOESM1_ESM.doc

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Španiel, S., Marhold, K., Hodálová, I. et al. Diploid and Tetraploid Cytotypes of Centaurea stoebe (Asteraceae) in Central Europe: Morphological Differentiation and Cytotype Distribution Patterns. Folia Geobot 43, 131–158 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12224-008-9008-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12224-008-9008-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation