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A polyaniline-modified immunosensor based on four-wire interdigitated microelectrode

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Abstract

A polyaniline-modified immunosensor which integrated the immuno-chromatography assays with the four-wire electrode impedance spectroscopy scanning was developed for E. coli O157:H7 detection. Aniline doped with polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) was used to synthesize the soluble polyaniline (PANI). The Fourier UV - Vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) technology were applied to characterize the property of polyaniline. In order to reduce the interfacial effects of biosensor effectively, a four-wire interdigitated microelectrode (IME) which allowed for conducting four-wire test mode as well as two-wire test mode impedance spectroscopy was introduced. A simplified equivalent circuit of the four-electrode transducer was designed for modeling the performance of the immunosensor. The antigen-antibody interactions with two-wire electrode and four-wire electrode measurements were analyzed to establish whether the four-wire electrode test mode could reduce the impedance which was induced by interfacial effects effectively. The results showed that the soluble polyaniline synthesized by polystyrene sulfonic acid doped (PSSA/PANI) increased the conductivity of the immunosensor. The measurement of the four-wire electrode test mode can be more reliably to measure of the biologically specific interaction by decreasing the impedance of interfacial effects. The impedance of bacteria solutions was lower than that of blank. And the impedance value was inversely proportional to the concentration of the bacteria. A linear relationship between the impedance variation and logarithmic value of the cell concentration was found from 1.15 × 103 CFU/mL to 1.15 × 107 CFU/mL in pure culture. The label-free impedance biosensor was able to detect as low as 1 × 103 CFU/mL in pure culture.

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Acknowledgement

The authors thank Professor Zuo Yueming and Professor Liu Haixue for technical supports on experimental setup. This study was funded by the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number: 13JCYBJC25700), the Technology Development Fund in Tianjin Agricultural University of China (grant number: 2013 N02), and the Special Scientific Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (grant number: 20121403110002).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Engineering and Technology College, Tianjin Agriculture University, Tianjin, China

    Haiyun Wu, Yong Wei, Hua Liu, Ruokui Chang & Jinxian Ma

  2. Engineering College, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, China

    Yueming Zuo

  3. Water Conservancy Engineering College, Tianjin Agriculture University, Tianjin, China

    Xiaoying Guo

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  1. Haiyun Wu
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  2. Yueming Zuo
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  3. Yong Wei
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  4. Xiaoying Guo
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  5. Hua Liu
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  6. Ruokui Chang
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  7. Jinxian Ma
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Correspondence to Haiyun Wu.

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Wu, H., Zuo, Y., Wei, Y. et al. A polyaniline-modified immunosensor based on four-wire interdigitated microelectrode. J Micro-Bio Robot 12, 1–8 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12213-016-0093-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12213-016-0093-z

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