Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating scheme based on a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide for an optical arbitrary waveform measurement

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Frontiers of Optoelectronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study proposes a novel scheme of a crosscorrelation frequency-resolved optical gating (X-FROG) measurement for an optical arbitrary waveform (OAW) based on the sum frequency generation (SFG) effect of a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide. Based on the SFG effect and combined with the principal component generalized projects algorithm on a matrix, the theory model of the scheme is established. Using Matlab, the proposed OAW measurement X-FROG scheme using the PPLN waveguide is simulated and studied. Simulation results show that a rectangular pulse is a suitable gate pulse because of its low errors. Moreover, the increased complexity of OAW and phase mismatch decrease measurement accuracy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Khan M H, Shen H, Xuan Y, Zhao L, Xiao S, Leaird D E, Weiner A M, Qi M. Ultraboard-bandwidth arbitrary radiofrequency waveform generation with a silicon photonic chip-based spectral shaper. Nature Photonics, 2010, 4(2): 117–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ho Y Y, Qian L. Dynamic arbitrary waveform shaping in a continuous fiber. Optics Letters, 2008, 33(11): 1279–1281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Wang C, Yao J. Large time-bandwidth product microwave arbitrary waveform generation using a spatially discrete chirped fiber Bragg grating. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2010, 28(11): 1652–1660

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Supradeepa V R, Leaird D E, Weiner A M. Single shot amplitude and phase characterization of optical arbitrary waveforms. Optics Express, 2009, 17(16): 14434–14443

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Jiang Z, Huang C B, Leaird D E, Weiner A M. Optical arbitrary waveform processing of more than 100 spectral comb lines. Nature Photonics, 2007, 1(8): 463–467

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Fontaine N K, Geisler D J, Scott R P, He T, Heritage J P, Yoo S J. Demonstration of high-fidelity dynamic optical arbitrary waveform generation. Optics Express, 2010, 18(22): 22988–22995

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Fatemi F K, Carruthers T F, Lou J W. Characterisation of telecommunications pulse trains by Fourier-transform and dualquadrature spectral interferometry. Electronics Letters, 2003, 39(12): 921–922

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Miao H, Leaird D E, Langrock C, Fejer M M, Weiner A M. Optical arbitrary waveform characterization via dual-quadrature spectral shearing interferometry. Optics Express, 2009, 17(5): 3381–3389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Chen C C, Hsieh I C, Yang S D, Huang C B. Polarization line-byline pulse shaping for the implementation of vectorial temporal Talbot effect. Optics Express, 2012, 20(24): 27062–27070

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Supradeepa V R, Leaird D E, Weiner A M. Single shot amplitude and phase characterization of optical arbitrary waveforms. Optics Express, 2009, 17(16): 14434–14443

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Lepetit L, Chériaux G, Joffre M. Linear techniques of phase measurement by femtosecond spectral interferometry for applications in spectroscopy. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Optical Physics, 1995, 12(12): 2467–2474

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Ferdous F, Leaird D E, Huang C B, Weiner A M. Dual-comb electric-field cross-correlation technique for optical arbitrary waveform characterization. Optics Letters, 2009, 34(24): 3875–3877

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Fontaine N K, Scott R P, Heritage J P, Yoo S J B. Near quantumlimited, single-shot coherent arbitrary optical waveform measurements. Optics Express, 2009, 17(15): 12332–12344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Geisler D J, Fontaine N K, Scott R P, Paraschis L. Flexible bandwidth arbitrary modulation format, coherent optical transmission system scalable to terahertz BW. In: Proceedings of IEEE 37th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication (ECOC), 2011, 1–3

    Google Scholar 

  15. Scott R P, Fontaine N K, Cao J, Okamoto K, Kolner B H, Heritage J P, Yoo S J. High-fidelity line-by-line optical waveform generation and complete characterization using FROG. Optics Express, 2007, 15(16): 9977–9988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Tien E K, Sang X Z, Feng Q, Qi S, Boyraz O. Ultrafast pulse characterization by cross-phase modulation in silicon waveguide. In: Proceedings of IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2008, 306–307

    Google Scholar 

  17. Xu L, Zeek E, Trebino R. Measuring very complex ultrashort pulses using frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG). Topics in Applied Physics, 2004, 95: 231–264

    Google Scholar 

  18. Xu L, Zeek E, Trebino R. Simulations of frequency-resolved optical gating for measuring very complex pulses. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Optical Physics, 2008, 25(6): 70–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Wong T C, Ratner J, Chauhan V, Cohen J, Vaughan P M, Xu L, Consoli A, Trebino R. Simultaneously measuring two ultrashort laser pulses on a single-shot using double-blind frequency-resolved optical gating. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Optical Physics, 2012, 29(6): 1237–1244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Pang J. Ultrashort pulse measurement based on microstructure fiber. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Beijing: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2012

    Google Scholar 

  21. Wong T C, Trebino R. Measuring many-picosecond-long ultrashort pulses on a single shot using XFROG and pulse-front tilt. In: Proceedings of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), 2013, 1–2

    Google Scholar 

  22. Wu P, Yang S. Spectral phase retrieval by dispersion-distorted frequency-resolved optical gating traces. In: Proceedings of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR), 2013, 1–2

    Google Scholar 

  23. Fontaine N K, Scott R P, Zhou L, Soares F M, Heritage J P, Yoo S J B. Real-time full-field arbitrary optical waveform measurement. Nature Photonics, 2010, 4(4): 248–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Miao H, Yang S D, Langrock C, Roussev R V, Fejer MM, Weiner A M. Ultralow-power second-harmonic generation frequencyresolved optical gating using aperiodically poled lithium niobate waveguides. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Optical Physics, 2008, 25(6): A41–A53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Kane D J, Rodriguez G, Taylor A J, Clement T S. Simultaneous measurement of two ultrashort laser pulses from a single spectrogram in a single shot. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Optical Physics, 1997, 14(4): 935–943

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Geisler D J, Fontaine N K, He T, Scott R P, Paraschis L, Heritage J P, Yoo S J. Modulation-format agile, reconfigurable Tb/s transmitter based on optical arbitrary waveform generation. Optics Express, 2009, 17(18): 15911–15925

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Related studies were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61275067), the Natural Science Research Project of Jiangsu University (No. BK2012830) and the open fund of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (No. 2015GZKF03006).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Chenwenji Wang, Peili Li, Yuying Gan, Di Cao, Xiaozheng Qiao & Chen He

Authors
  1. Chenwenji Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Peili Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yuying Gan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Di Cao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Xiaozheng Qiao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Chen He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Peili Li.

Additional information

Chenwenji Wang is currently a third-year postgraduate student of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications majoring in industrial engineering. Her research direction is optical communication. Her academic area is the highly efficient wavelength conversion in SOI waveguides. Her research consists of five parts, namely, research problems and significance, theoretical bases of the study, methodology, results, and innovation and limitations of the study.

Peili Li received the B.S. degree in physics from Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, in 1996, the M.Sc. degree in physical electronics from the Institute of Laser Technology and Engineering, and the Ph.D. degree from the Department of Optoelectronics Engineering in Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, in 2000. She worked toward Postdoctor in Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics in 2007. Now she is working in Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications. Her research interests are optoelectronic devices, fiber communication systems, and numerical modeling and simulation of semiconductor optical devices.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, C., Li, P., Gan, Y. et al. Cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating scheme based on a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide for an optical arbitrary waveform measurement. Front. Optoelectron. 10, 70–79 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-017-0660-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-017-0660-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation