Abstract
Chaperonin containing the T-complex polypeptide-1 (CCT), which is known to be involved in intracellular assembly and folding of proteins, is a class of chaperonin omnipresent in all forms of life. Previous studies showed that CCT played a vital role in cold hardiness of various animals. In order to understand the response of the polypeptide complex to low temperature challenge and other environmental stresses, a subunit of CCT (CCTα) was cloned from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain by expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA SpCCTα was of 1972 bp and contained a 1668 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 555 amino acids with four conserved motifs. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of SpCCTα in ten tissues of adult S. paramamosain was subsequently examined and the highest expression was found in muscle, followed by gill, hepatopancreas, thoracic ganglion, hemocyte, heart, cerebral ganglion, stomach, eyestalk ganglion, and epidermis. The expressions of SpCCTα in the muscle of sub-adult crabs (pre-acclimated to 28 °C) subjected to the challenges of both lower temperatures (25, 20, 15, and 10 °C) alone and low temperatures (15 and 10 °C) in combination with salinity of 35 and 10 were further investigated by fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). It was revealed that when exposed to lower temperatures alone, the mRNA transcripts of the SpCCTα gene in the muscle were generally induced for significant higher expression at 10 °C treatment than the 25, 20, and 15 °C treatments; meanwhile, exposure to 15 °C also frequently led to significantly higher expression than those at 20 and 25 °C. This finding indicated that the up-regulation of SpCCTα was closely related to the cold hardiness of S. paramamosain. The results of an additional experiment challenging the sub-adult crabs with various combinations of low temperatures with different salinity conditions generally demonstrated that at both 10 and 15 °C, the expression of SpCCTα under the high salinity of 35 was significantly lower than that at low salinity of 10, implying that the damages caused by low temperatures with high salinity were less than that under low salinity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arockiaraj J, Vanaraja P, Easwvaran S, Singh A, Yasmin OR, Bhassu S (2012) Molecular functions of chaperonin gene, containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 from Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Gene 508:241–249
Bowie JU, Luthy R, Eisenberg D (1991) A method to identify protein sequences that fold into a known three-dimensional structure. Science 253:164–170
Camasses A, Bogdanova A, Shevchenko A, Zachariae W (2003) The CCT chaperonin promotes activation of the anaphase-promoting complex through the generation of functional Cdc20. Mol Cell 12:87–100
Chagoyen M, Carrascosa JL, Pazos F, Valpuesta JM (2014) Molecular determinants of the ATP hydrolysis asymmetry of the CCT chaperonin complex. Proteins 82:703–707
Chen JC, Chia PG (1996) Oxygen uptake and nitrogen excretion of juvenile Scylla serrata at different temperature and salinity levels. J Crustac Biol 16:437–442
Dekker C, Stirling PC, McCormack EA, Filmore H, Paul A, Brost RL, Costanzo M, Boone C, Leroux MR, Willison KR (2008) The interaction network of the chaperonin CCT. Embo J 27:1827–1839
Domingues C, Soares H, Pousada CR, Cyrne L (1999) Structure of Tetrahymena CCTθ gene and its expression under colchicine treatment. BBA-Gene Struct Expr 1446:443–449
Dun MD, Aitken RJ, Nixon B (2012) The role of molecular chaperones in spermatogenesis and the post-testicular maturation of mammalian spermatozoa. Hum Reprod Update 18:420–435
Eisenberg D (1984) Three-dimensional structure of membrane and surface proteins. Annu Rev Biochem 53:595–623
Fan LF, Wang AL, Wu YX (2013) Comparative proteomic identification of the hemocyte response to cold stress in white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. J Proteomics 80:196–206
Gong J, Yu K, Shu L, Ye HH, Li SJ, Zeng C (2015) Evaluating the effects of temperature, salinity, starvation and autotomy on molting success, molting interval and expression of ecdysone receptor in early juvenile mud crabs, Scylla paramamosain. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 464:11–17
Guenther MG, Yu J, Kao GD, Yen TJ, Lazar MA (2002) Assembly of the SMRT-histone deacetylase 3 repression complex requires the TCP-1 ring complex. Genes Dev 16:3130–3135
Hamasaki K (2002) Effects of temperature on the survival, spawning and egg incubation period of overwintering mud crab broodstock, Scylla paramamosain (Brachyura: Portunidae). Suisan Zoshoku 50:301–308
Hartl FU (1996) Molecular chaperones in cellular protein folding. Nature 381:571–580
Hartl FU, Hayer-Hartl M (2002) Molecular chaperones in the cytosol: from nascent chain to folded protein. Science 295:1852–1858
Jelinsky SA, Samson LD (1999) Global response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to an alkylating agent. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:1481–1491
Jiang JX, Lin W, Zhang HL, Chen Z, Tu Q, Jiang Y, Yu L, Zhao SY (2000) Cloning, expression and mapping of the full-length cDNA of human CCTβ subunit. Chin Sci Bull 45:2034–2041
Kayukawa T, Ishikawa Y (2009) Chaperonin contributes to cold hardiness of the onion maggot Delia antiqua through repression of depolymerization of actin at low temperatures. PLoS One 4(12):e8277
Kayukawa T, Chen B, Miyazaki S, Itoyama K, Shinoda T, Ishikawa Y (2005) Expression of mRNA for the t;chcomplex polypeptide-1, a subunit of chaperonin CCT, is upregulated in association with increased cold hardiness in Delia antiqua. Cell Stress Chaperones 10:204–210
Kim YE, Hipp MS, Bracher A, Hayer-Hartl M, Ulrich Hartl F (2013) Molecular chaperone functions in protein folding and proteostasis. Annu Rev Biochem 82:323–355
Knee KM, Sergeeva OA, King JA (2013) Human TRiC complex purified from HeLa cells contains all eight CCT subunits and is active in vitro. Cell Stress and Chaperones 18:137–144
Kong XH, Wang GZ, Li SJ (2012) Effects of low temperature acclimation on antioxidant defenses and ATPase activities in the muscle of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). Aquaculture 370:144–149
Kubota H, Hynes GM, Kerr SM, Willison KR (1997) Tissue specific subunit of the mouse cytosolic chaperonin-containing TCP-1. FEBS Lett 402:53–56
Kubota H, Yokota S, Yanagi H, Yura T (1999) Structures and co-regulated expression of the genes encoding mouse cytosolic chaperonin CCT subunits. Eur J Biochem 262:492–500
Likongwe JS, Stecko TD, Stauffer JR, Carline RF (1996) Combined effects of water temperature and salinity on growth and feed utilization of juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linneaus). Aquaculture 146:37–46
Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods 25:402–408
Lu YL, Wang F, Jia XY, Gao QF, Dong SL (2013) A laboratory simulation of the effects of acute salinity decrease on osmoregulation and Hsps expression in the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus: implications for aquaculture. Mar Freshw Behav Physiol 46:301–311
McAllen R, Block W (1997) Aspects of the cryobiology of the intertidal haroacticoid copepod Tigriopus brevicornis (O.F. Müller). Cryobiology 35:309–317
McGaw IJ, Whiteley NM (2012) Effects of acclimation and acute temperature change on specific dynamic action and gastric processing in the green shore crab, Carcinus maenas. J Therm Biol 37:570–578
Muñoz IG, Yébenes H, Zhou M, Mesa P, Serna M, Park AY, Montoya G (2011) Crystal structure of the open conformation of the mammalian chaperonin CCT in complex with tubulin. Nat Struct Mol Biol 18:14–19
Nurdiani R, Zeng C (2007) Effects of temperature and salinity on the survival and development of mud crab, Scylla serrata (Forsskål), larvae. Aquac Res 38:1529–1538
Paital B, Chainy GBN (2010) Antioxidant defenses and oxidative stress parameters in tissues of mud crab (Scylla serrata) with reference to changing salinity. Comp Biochem Physiol C: Toxicol Pharmacol 151:142–151
Palmedo G, Ammermann D (1997) Cloning and characterization of the Oxytricha granulifera chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 γ gene. Eur J Biochem 247:877–883
Parsell DA, Lindquist S (1993) The function of heat-shock proteins in stress tolerance: degradation and reactivation of damaged proteins. Annu Rev Genet 27:437–496
Phipps BM, Typke D, Hegerl R, Volker S, Hoffmann A, Stetter KO, Baumeister W (1993) Structure of a molecular chaperone from a thermophilic archaebacterium. Nature 361:475–477
Posokhova E, Song H, Belcastro M, Higgins L, Bigley LR, Michaud NA, Martemyanov K, Sokolov M (2011) Disruption of the chaperonin containing TCP-1 function affects protein networks essential for rod outer segment morphogenesis and survival. Mol Cell Proteomics 10:1–12
Quintá HR, Galigniana NM, Erlejman AG, Lagadari M, Piwien-Pilipuk G, Galigniana MD (2011) Management of cytoskeleton architecture by molecular chaperones and immunophilins. Cell Signal 23:1907–1920
Romano N, Zeng C (2006) The effects of salinity on the survival, growth and haemolymph osmolality of early juvenile blue swimmer crabs, Portunus pelagicus. Aquaculture 260:151–162
Ruano-Rubio V, Fares MA (2007) Testing the neutral fixation of hetero-oligomerism in the archaeal chaperonin CCT. Mol Biol Evol 24:1384–1396
Schena M, Shalon D, Heller R, Chai A, Brown PO, Davis RW (1996) Parallel human genome analysis: microarray-based expression monitoring of 1000 genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:10614–10619
Shelley C, Lovatelli A (2012) Mud crab aquaculture: a practical manual. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, pp 41–45
Shimon L, Hynes GM, McCormack EA, Willison KR, Horovitz A (2008) ATP-induced allostery in the eukaryotic chaperonin CCT is abolished by the mutation G345D in CCT4 that renders yeast temperature-sensitive for growth. J Mol Biol 377:469–477
Silvia GJ, Antonio URA, Franscisco VO, Georginia HW (2004) Ammonia efflux rates and free amino acid levels in Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae during sudden salinity changes. Aquaculture 233:573–581
Soares H, Penque D, Mouta C, Rodrigues-Pousada C (1994) A Tetrahymena orthologue of the mouse chaperonin subunit CCTg and its coexpression with tubulin during cilia recovery. J Biol Chem 269:29299–29307
Somer L, Shmulman O, Dror T, Hashmueli S, Kashi Y (2002) The eukaryote chaperonin CCT is a cold shock protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell Stress Chaperones 7:47–54
Spiess C, Miller EJ, McClellan AJ, Frydman J (2006) Identification of the TRiC/CCT substrate binding sites uncovers the function of subunit diversity in eukaryotic chaperonins. Mol Cell 24:25–37
Tomanek L (2011) Environmental proteomics: changes in the proteome of marine organisms in response to environmental stress, pollutants, infection, symbiosis, and development. Annu Rev Mar Sci 3:373–399
Trent JD, Nimmesgern E, Wall JS, Hartl EU, Horwich AL (1991) A molecular chaperone from a thermophilic archaebacterium is related to the eukaryotic protein t-complex polypeptide-1. Nature 354:490–493
Upadhya GA, Strasberg SM (1999) Evidence that actin disassembly is a requirement for matrix metalloproteinase secretion by sinusoidal endothelial cells during cold preservation in the rat. Hepatology 30:169–176
Ursic D, Culbertson MR (1992) Is yeast TCP1 a chaperonin? Nature 356:392–392
Walton ME, Le VL, Lebata JH, Binas J, Primavera JH (2006) Seasonal abundance, distribution and recruitment of mud crabs (Scylla spp.) in replanted mangroves. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 66:493–500
Wang WX, Vinocur B, Shoseyov O, Altman A (2004) Role of plant heat-shock proteins and molecular chaperones in the abiotic stress response. Trends Plant Sci 9:244–252
Xia XA, Wu QY, Li YY, Wang SQ, You CH, Lin YS (2010) Isolation and identification of two bacterial pathogens from mixed infection mud crab Scylla serrata and drug therapy. J Trop Oceanogr 29:103–110
Yamada A, Sekiguchi M, Mimura T, Ozeki Y (2002) The role of plant CCTα in salt- and osmotic-stress tolerance. Plant Cell Physiol 43:1043–1048
Yang YN, Ye HH, Huang HY, Li SJ, Zeng XL, Gong J, Huang XS (2013a) Characterization and expression of SpHsp60 in hemocytes after challenge to bacterial, osmotic and thermal stress from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. Fish Shellfish Immunol 35:1185–1191
Yang YN, Ye HH, Huang HY, Li SJ, Liu XL, Zeng XL, Gong J (2013b) Expression of Hsp70 in the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain in response to bacterial, osmotic, and thermal stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 18:475–482
Ye H, Tao Y, Wang G, Lin Q, Chen X, Li S (2011) Experimental nursery culture of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain (Estampador) in China. Aquac Int 19:313–321
Yin Q, Peng JX, Cui L, Xie DX, Wang ZW, Li K, Chen XH (2011) Molecular cloning of Litopenaeus vannamei TCP-1-eta gene and analysis on its relationship with cold tolerance. Hereditas (Beijing) 33:168–174
Yokota S, Hirata D, Minota S, Higashiyama T, Kurimoto M, Yanagi H, Yura T, Kubota H (2000a) Autoantibodies against chaperonin CCT in human sera with rheumatic autoimmune diseases: comparison with antibodies against other Hsp60 family proteins. Cell Stress Chaperones 5:337–346
Yokota S, Yanagi H, Yura T, Kubota H (2000b) Upregulation of cytosolic chaperonin CCT subunits during recovery from chemical stress that causes accumulation of unfolded proteins. Eur J Biochem 267:1658–1664
Zeng C (2007) Induced out-of-season spawning of the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain (Estampador) and effects of temperature on embryo development. Aquac Res 38:1478–1485
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31472294). We would also like to sincerely thank the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments that improved this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yu, K., Gong, J., Huang, C. et al. Characterization of CCTα and evaluating its expression in the mud crab Scylla paramamosain when challenged by low temperatures alone and in combination with high and low salinity. Cell Stress and Chaperones 20, 853–864 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-015-0612-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-015-0612-1