Abstract
In Spain, the percentage of population living in poverty or social exclusion has consistently increased since 2007. This trend makes it unlikely to reach the Spanish National Europe 2020 target, which is to reduce in 1.400.000 the people at risk of poverty or exclusion. At the same time, the Spanish Minimum Income Protection Schemes are complex, fragmented and inefficient. In the context of the Europe 2020 Strategy, reference budgets are regarded as a tool to improve poverty measurement and assess income adequacy. This paper describes the development of the Spanish Reference Budgets: priced baskets containing the minimum goods and services necessary for well-described types of families to have an adequate social participation. The study here presented combines various sources of information: national guidelines, expert opinion, scientific literature, survey data on cultural habits and focus group discussions using a cross-country comparable approach. Based on a needs-based perspective, we have estimated a minimum budget threshold that ranges from 427€ to 1569€/month depending on the type of family. Without considering housing and car costs, the healthy food budget is the one that represents a higher share of the total budget in all family types. The weight of the other baskets depends on the household composition, mainly on the presence of children. The aim of our approach is to assess family and children needs, as well as to orient policies designed to guarantee social rights and reduce children poverty and social exclusion.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to Dr. Bérénice Storms, leader of the work-package “Reference budgets for social participation leading the way to a social inclusive society” developed within the framework of the ImPRovE: Poverty Reduction in Europe: Social Policy and Innovation project, and to Dr. Tim Goedemé, coordinator of the project, Dr. Karel Van den Bosch and Tess Penne, all of them from the Herman Deleeck Centre for Social Policy (CSB) - University of Antwerp (UA), Belgium. We also want to thank all the experts and professionals that collaborated in that project and that helped us to adapt the reference budgets in our context: Marta Anguera, Isabel Bugés, Ramon Castells, Francesc Garreta, Pilar Jiménez, Eduard Longás, Imma Marín, Maria Peña, Miquel Àngel Prats, Lluís Puig, Albert Sabatés, Eduard Sala, Emilia Sánchez Ruiz, Olga Valsells, David Vázquez and Jesús Vilar. Their arguments and resources they provided to us helped us to make this process more accurate and scientifically rigorous. This work has also been possible because of the support of PSITIC research group and, specially, some of their members: we are grateful to Mireia Civís, Jordi Longás and Eva Rodríguez, for their general comments about the work as well as the support in organizing the focus groups discussions. We also thank the contact persons from the social and educational organisations that helped us to find the focus group participants and provided us with an adequate space to do the discussion: many thanks to Berta Boadas (Fundació l’Esperança, Barcelona); Núria Mollà Trill (Salesians Sant Vicenç dels Horts); Marcel·lina Bosch (Tècnica d’Educació Ajuntament Sant Vicenç dels Horts); Anna Insua (Centre Serveis Socials Baix Guinardó-Can Baró, Barcelona) and Salvador Avià (Cap Tècnic de l’Àrea de Servei a les Persones de l’Ajuntament de Badia del Vallès). Finally, we thank all the focus groups participants that contributed to this research.
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This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki. The overall procedures of the ImPRovE (Poverty Reduction in Europe: Social Policy and Innovation) project were approved by the European Commission under grant agreement n°290613 (http://improve-research.eu). Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects.
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The ImPRovE project is funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2012-2016) under grant agreement n° 290613 (http://improve-research.eu).
Irene Cussó-Parcerisas holds a PhD grant from the Spanish Training University Lecturers Programme (Formación de Profesorado Univeristario - FPU) from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports MECD (FPU12/06640), 2013–2017.
Elena Carrillo Álvarez held a PhD grant from the Spanish Training University Lecturers Programme (Formación de Profesorado Univeristario - FPU) from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports MECD (AP2010-3946), 2011–2015.
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Cussó-Parcerisas, I., Carrillo Álvarez, E. & Riera-Romaní, J. What is the Minimum Budget for an Adequate Social Participation in Spain? An Estimate Through the Reference Budgets Approach. Child Ind Res 11, 263–290 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-016-9429-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-016-9429-4