Abstract
This study adapted and validated the Children’s Anger Response Checklist (CARC) to the Lebanese context. Adapted version was reviewed by experts, piloted, revised, and then administered to a sample of four hundred four (n = 404) students from seven schools. Scale reliability was assessed in terms of the test- retest reliability and internal consistency of the test. Construct validity was assessed in terms of the test’s subscale concurrent/convergent validity with the related Multi-Dimensional School Anger Inventory (M-SAI) subscales; subscale divergent validity and the M-SAI subscales that measure different structures of anger. Finally the factorial structure of the adapted CARC was explored by using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Results revealed good reliability coefficients, and significant but low to moderate convergent and divergent validities with the M-SAI. Factor analysis revealed that A-CARC subscales loaded to 3 factors that reflected the maladaptive-aggressive, maladaptive-passive, and adaptive-assertive manifestations of anger. Implications of the findings for research and practice are discussed, and recommendations for future studies are presented.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Benaroch, R. (2012). Piaget stages of development. Retrieved from http://children.webmd.com/piaget-stages-of-development.
Biehler, R., & Snowman, J. (2004). Psychology applied to teaching. Belmont: Wadsworth Publications.
Blake, C. S., & Hamrin, V. (2007). Currant approaches to the assessment and management of anger and aggression in youth. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 20(4), 209–221.
Boman, P., Curtis, D., Furlong, M. J., & Smith, D. C. (2006). Cross-validation and Rasch analyses of the Australian version of the multidimensional school anger inventory – revised. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 24(3), 225–242. doi:10.1177/0734282906288472.
Chimienti, G., Nasr, J. A., & Khalifeh, I. (1989). Children’s reactions to war-related stress affected symptoms and behavior problems. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 24, 282–287.
Coccaro, E. F., Noblett, K. L., & McCloskey, M. S. (2009). Attributional and emotional responses to socially ambiguous cues: validation of a new assessment of social/emotional information processing in healthy adults and impulsive aggressive patients. Journal of Psychiatric Research. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.01.012.
Feindler, E. L. (2006). Anger-related disorders: A practitioner’s guide to comparative treatments. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Feindler, E. L., & Engel, E. C. (2011). Assessment and intervention for adolescents with anger and aggression difficulties in school settings. Psychology in the Schools, 48(3), 243–253. doi:10.1002/pits.20550.
Feindler, E. L., Adler, N., Brooks, D., & Bhumitra, E. (1993). The children’s anger response checklist: CARC. In L. VandCreek (Ed.), Innovations in clinical practice (vol. 12, pp. 337–362). Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press.
Furlong, M. J., Smith, D. C., & Bates, M. P. (2000). Refinement of the multidimensional school anger inventory: Further construct validation, extension to female adolescents, and preliminary norms. Retrieved from http://education.ucsb.edu/school-psychology/MSAI/PDF/furlong-smith-bates-norms.pdf.
International Test Commission (ITC) (2010). International test commission guidelines on adapting tests. Retrieved from http://www.intestcom.org/guidelines/index.php.
Karam, E. G., Mneimneh, Z. N., Dimassi, H., Fayyad, J. A., Karam, A., Nasser, S. C., Chatterji, S., & Kessler, R. C. (2008). Life prevalence of mental disorders in Lebanon: first onset, treatment, and exposure to war. PLoS Medicine, 5(4), 0579–0586. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050061.
Martin, R. C., & Dahlen, E. R. (2007). The angry cognitions scale: a new inventory for assessing cognitions in anger. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 25(3), 155–173.
Novaco, R. (1986). Anger as a clinical and social problem. In R. Blanchard & C. Blanchard (Eds.), Advances in the study of aggression (Vol. II., pp. 1–67). New York: Academic.
Powell, R. A., Symbaluk, D. G., & Macdoland, S. E. (2002). Introduction to learning and behavior. Belmont: Wadsworth Thompson Learning.
Power, M., & Dalgleish, T. (2008). Cognition and emotion: From order to disorder (2nd ed.). Hove: Psychology Press.
Smith, D. C., & Furlong, M. J. (1998). Introduction to the special issue: addressing youth anger and aggression in school settings. Psychology in the Schools, 35(3), 201–203.
Stearns, D. C. (2004). Anger and aggression. In Encyclopedia of children and childhood: In history and society (Vol. 1, pp. 60–62). New York: Macmillian Reference.
Sukhodolsky, D. G., Solomon, R. M., & Perine, J. (2000). Cognitive-behavioral, anger-control intervention for elementary school children: a treatment-outcome study. Journal of Child and Adolescent Group Therapy, 10(3), 159–170.
Wilkowski, B. M., & Robinson, M. D. (2010). The anatomy of anger: an integrative cognitive model of trait anger and reactive aggression. Journal of Personality, 78(1), 9–38. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00607.x.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
El Hassan, K., Adhami, N. Adaptation and Validation of the Children’s Anger Response Checklist for Grades 4–6 Lebanese Students. Child Ind Res 9, 985–1002 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-015-9352-0
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-015-9352-0