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Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Followed by Solid-Phase Extraction Followed by Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Sensitive Determination of Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos in Rice

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Abstract

Selectivity of solid-phase extraction (SPE) was combined with the concentration power of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) to obtain a sensitive, low solvent consumption method for high-performance liquid chromatography determination of diazinon and chlorpyrifos in rice. In this method, rice samples were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction followed by SPE. Then, the SPE eluent was used as a disperser solvent in the next dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction step for further purification and enrichment of diazinon and chlorpyrifos. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range was from 5.0 to 250 μg kg−1 for diazinon and from 2.5 to 250 μg kg−1 for chlorpyrifos. Limits of detection of diazinon and chlorpyrifos were 1.5 and 0.7 μg kg−1, respectively. Limits of quantitation of diazinon and chlorpyrifos were 5.5 and 3.0 μg kg−1, respectively. The precisions and recoveries also were investigated by spiking 10 μg kg−1 concentration in rice. The recoveries obtained were over 90 % with relative standard deviation (RSD%) below 9.0 %. The new approach was utilized to successfully detect trace amounts of diazinon and chlorpyrifos in different Iranian rice samples.

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Acknowledgment

Financial support from Yadegar -e- Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran for the support during the period of this research is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Science, Yadegar -e- Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Faezeh Khalilian

  2. Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science & Technology Research Institute, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, P.O. Box 14395-836, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Rezaee

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  1. Faezeh Khalilian
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  2. Mohammad Rezaee
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Correspondence to Faezeh Khalilian.

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No conflict exists; author Faezeh khalilian declares that she has no conflict of interest. Author Mohammad Rezaee declares that he has no conflict of interest.

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Khalilian, F., Rezaee, M. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Followed by Solid-Phase Extraction Followed by Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Sensitive Determination of Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos in Rice. Food Anal. Methods 10, 885–891 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-016-0653-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-016-0653-9

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