Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ultrasound-Assisted Emulsification-Microextraction/Ion Mobility Spectrometry Combination: Application for Analysis of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Rice Samples

  • Published:
Food Analytical Methods Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present paper describes the validation of ultrasound-assisted emulsification-microextraction method followed by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) detection for simultaneous determination of two organophosphorus pesticides, diazinon and chlorpyrifos. Ultrasound radiation was applied for accelerating the emulsification of microliter organic solvent in aqueous solutions and enhancing the microextraction efficiency. This preconcentration step combined with IMS detection provided a precise and accurate method for determination of trace amounts of diazinon and chlorpyrifos pesticides. The effect of parameters influencing the extraction efficiency such as sonication time, type of extraction solvent, extraction solvent volume, and salt concentration were investigated and discussed. The enrichment factors found, under optimum conditions, were 230 and 300 for diazinon and chlorpyrifos, respectively, with corresponding LOD of 2.1 and 3.2 μg L−1. The presented method can be applied for the determination of diazinon and chlorpyrifos in the range 6.0–700 and 8.9–750 μg L−1, respectively, with correlation coefficients (R 2) > 0.99. The applicability of the proposed method was evaluated by determination of the residues of the investigated pesticides in rice paddy water gathered from four stations during 60 days after spraying (June 2014), and in storage rice samples in Mazandaran province, Iran.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aguilar M, Cortina JL (2010) Solvent extraction and liquid membranes. CRC Press, Florida

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmadi K, Abdollahzadeh Y, Asadollahzadeh M, Hemmati A, Tavakoli H, Torkaman R (2015) Chemometric assisted ultrasound leaching-solid phase extraction followed by dispersive-solidification liquid–liquid microextraction for determination of organophosphorus pesticides in soil samples. Talanta 137:167–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allafchian AR, Majidian Z, Ielbeigi V, Tabrizchi M (2015) A novel method for the determination of three volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath by solid-phase microextraction–ion mobility spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem

  • Arjmandi R, Tavakol M, Shayeghi M (2010) Determination of organophosphorus insecticide residues in the rice paddies. Int J Environ Sci Technol 7:175–182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bondarenko GJ, Haver DL, Kabashima JN (2004) Persistence of selected organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in water from a coastal watershed. Environ Toxicol Chem 23:2649–2654

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen G, Rudnik DD, Laloush M, Yakir D, Karpas Z (2015) A novel method for determination of histamine in tuna fish by ion mobility spectrometry. Food Anal Methods 8:2376–2382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eiceman GA, Karpas Z (2005) Ion mobility spectrometry. Taylor and Francis, London

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Engel SM, Wetmur J, Chen J, Zhu C, Barr DB, Canfield RL, Wolff MS (2011) Prenatal exposure to organophosphates, paraoxonase 1, and cognitive development in childhood. Environ Health Perspect 119:1182–1188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farajzadeh MA, Afshar Mogaddam MR (2012) Air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction method as a novel microextraction technique; application in extraction and preconcentration of phthalate esters in aqueous sample followed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection. Anal Chim Acta 728:31–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farajzadeh MA, Khorram P, Alizadeh Nabil AA (2016) Development of a green liquid–liquid microextraction method using a solid disperser performed in a narrow-bore tube for trace analysis of some organophosphorus pesticides in fruit juices. J Food Compos Anal. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2015.04.012

    Google Scholar 

  • Fashi A, Yaftian MR, Zamani A (2015) Determination of melamine in dairy products using electromembrane–LPME followed by HPLC. Food Chem 188:92–98

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gallegos J, Garrido-Delgado R, Arce L, Medina LM (2015) Volatile metabolites of goat cheeses determined by ion mobility spectrometry. Potential applications in quality control. Food Anal Methods 8:1699–1709

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • González-Alzaga B, Lacasaña M, Aguilar-Garduño C, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Ballester F, Rebagliato M, Hernández AF (2014) A systematic review of neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal and postnatal organophosphate pesticide exposure. Toxicol Lett 230:104–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hernández AF, Parrón T, Tsatsakis AM, Requena M, Alarcón R, López-Guarnido O (2013) Toxic effects of pesticide mixtures at a molecular level: their relevance to human health. Toxicology 307:136–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holopainen S, Luukkonen V, Nousiainen M, Sillanpää M (2013) Determination of chlorophenols in water by headspace solid phase microextraction ion mobility spectrometry (HS-SPME-IMS). Talanta 114:176–182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu C, He M, Chen B, Hu B (2013) A sol–gel polydimethylsiloxane/polythiophene coated stir bar sorptive extraction combined with gas chromatography-flame photometric detection for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in environmental water samples. J Chromatogr A 1275:25–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ISIRI, Institute of Standard and Industrial Research of Iran (2011) Pesticides—maximum residue limit of pesticides—cereals. Iranian National Standard No. 13120

  • Jafari MT, Saraji M, Yousefi S (2012) Negative electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry combined with microextraction in packed syringe for direct analysis of phenoxyacid herbicides in environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 1249:41–47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jafari MT, Saraji M, Sherafatmand H (2014) Polypyrrole/montmorillonite nanocomposite as a new solid phase microextraction fiber combined with gas chromatography–corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of diazinon and fenthion organophosphorus pesticides. Anal Chim Acta 814:69–78

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeleń HH, Majcher M, Dziadas M (2012) Microextraction techniques in the analysis of food flavor compounds: a review. Anal Chim Acta 738:13–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalhor H, Hashemipour S, Yaftian MR, Shahdousti P (2015) Determination of carbamazepine in formulation samples using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method followed by ion mobility spectrometry. Int J Ion Mobil Spectrom

  • Karpas Z (2013) Applications of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) in the field of foodomics. Food Res Int 54:1146–1151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kokosa JM (2013) Advances in solvent-microextraction techniques. Trends Anal Chem 43:2–13

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lamers M, Anyusheva M, La N, Nguyen VV, Streck T (2011) Pesticide pollution in surface- and groundwater by paddy rice cultivation: a case study from northern Vietnam. Clean: Soil, Air, Water 39:356–361

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • London L, Beseler C, Bouchard MF, Bellinger DC, Colosio C, Grandjean P, Harari R, Kootbodien T, Kromhout H, Little F, Meijster T, Moretto A, Rohlman DS, Stallones L (2012) Neurobehavioral and neurodevelopmental effects of pesticide exposures. NeuroToxicology 33:887–896

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma G, Chen L (2014) Determination of chlorpyrifos in rice based on magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography. Food Anal Methods 7:377–388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moradi M, Yamini Y, Seidi S, Ghambarian M, Esrafili A (2013) Ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction using low density solvent for analysis of toxic nitrophenols in natural waters. Int J Environ Anal Chem 93:199–212

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozcan S, Tor A, Aydin ME (2010) Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in waters by ultrasound-assisted emulsification-microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 665:193–199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pengyan LIU, Qingxue LIU, Yusong MA, Jinwei LIU, Xuan JIA (2006) Analysis of pesticide multiresidues in rice by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry coupled with solid phase extraction. Chin J Chromatogr 24:228–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramos L (2012) Critical overview of selected contemporary sample preparation techniques. J Chromatogr A 1221:84–98

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reboredo-Rodríguez P, Rey-Salgueiro L, Regueiro J, González-Barreiro C, Cancho-Grande B, Simal-Gándara J (2014) Ultrasound-assisted emulsification–microextraction for the determination of phenolic compounds in olive oils. Food Chem 150:128–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Regueiro J, Llompart M, Garcia-Jares C, Garcia-Monteagudo JC, Cela R (2008) Ultrasound-assisted emulsification–microextraction of emergent contaminants and pesticides in environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 1190:27–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Samadi S, Sereshti H, Assadi Y (2012) Ultra-preconcentration and determination of thirteen organophosphorus pesticides in water samples using solid-phase extraction followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. J Chromatogr A 1219:61–65

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saraji M, Jafari MT, Sherafatmand H (2015) Sol–gel/nanoclay composite as a solid-phase microextraction fiber coating for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 407:1241–1252

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sereshti H, Entezari Heravi Y, Samadi S (2012) Optimized ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction for simultaneous trace multielement determination of heavy metals in real water samples by ICP-OES. Talanta 97:235–241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sergio A, Garrigues S, De la Guardia M (2008) Green analytical chemistry. Trends Anal Chem 27:497–511

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharafi K, Fattahi N, Mahvi AH, Pirsaheb M, Azizzadeh N, Noori M (2015) Trace analysis of some organophosphorus pesticides in rice samples using ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci. doi:10.1002/jssc.201401209

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson NJ (2000) Solid-phase extraction: principles, techniques, and applications. CRC Press, Florida, p 2000

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Spietelun A, Marcinkowski Ł, de la Guardia M, Namieśnik J (2014) Green aspects, developments and perspectives of liquid phase microextraction techniques. Talanta 119:34–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vila M, Lamas JP, Garcia-Jares C, Dagnac T, Llompart M (2016) Ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of UV filters in water. Microchem J 124:530–539

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wei SY, Leong MI, Li Y, Huang SD (2011) Development of liquid phase microextraction based on manual shaking and ultrasound-assisted emulsification method for analysis of organochlorine pesticides in aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 1218:9142–9148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu L, Song Y, Xu X, Li N, Shao M, Zhang H, Yu A, Yu C, Ma Q, Lu C, Wang Z (2014) Medium-assisted non-polar solvent dynamic microwave extraction for determination of organophosphorus pesticides in cereals using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Food Chem 162:253–260

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zainudin BH, Salleh S, Mohamed R, Yap KC, Muhamad H (2015) Development, validation and determination of multiclass pesticide residues in cocoa beans using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 172:585–595

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang L, Wang Y, Sun C, Yang S, He H (2013) Simultaneous determination of organochlorine, organophosphorus, and pyrethroid pesticides in pee pollens by solid-phase extraction cleanup followed by gas chromatography using electron-capture detector. Food Anal Methods 6:1508–1514

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao WJ, Sun XK, Deng XN, Huang L, Yang MM, Zhou ZM (2011) Cloud point extraction coupled with ultrasonic-assisted back-extraction for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in concentrated fruit juice by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. Food Chem 127:683–688

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Phase Equilibria Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371-38791, Iran

    Hamideh Kalhor, Siamak Hashemipour & Mohammad Reza Yaftian

Authors
  1. Hamideh Kalhor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Siamak Hashemipour
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohammad Reza Yaftian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammad Reza Yaftian.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

Hamideh Kalhor declares that she has no conflict of interest. Siamak Hashemipour declares that he has no conflict of interest. Mohammad Reza Yaftian declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed Consent

Not applicable.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kalhor, H., Hashemipour, S. & Yaftian, M.R. Ultrasound-Assisted Emulsification-Microextraction/Ion Mobility Spectrometry Combination: Application for Analysis of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Rice Samples. Food Anal. Methods 9, 3006–3014 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-016-0492-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-016-0492-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation