Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Changing Discourse, Learning Sex, and Non-coital Heterosexuality

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Sexuality & Culture Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Young people learn what sex is, how to perform it, and what status it has largely through discourse. Sexual discourse has changed since the mid-twentieth century, but coitus still dominates heterosexual sex talk, and both change and continuity are reflected in adolescent sexual attitudes and behavior. Acceptance of non-coital sexuality among LGBTQ people and heterosexuals has increased, but these behaviors often have a different status when performed by members of each of these groups. Non-coital acts may be legitimately sexual when performed by non-heterosexuals, but coitus remains the paradigmatic heterosexual activity even though young heterosexuals often engage in non-coital behaviors. Young heterosexuals often differentiate real coital sex from quasi-sexual non-coital behaviors, and sexuality researchers, clinicians, and educators frequently reinforce this distinction and threaten the sexual status and self-esteem of young heterosexuals who do not like or cannot perform coitus. Many sexuality professionals urge young heterosexuals to recognize non-coital acts as sexual because of their risks of sexually transmitted infections, but sometimes also undermine this message by describing these acts as preliminaries to or substitutes for coitus. These professionals use an objective language of sexuality which presumably should supplant the mistaken usages of young people, but they overlook their own dependence on culturally constructed sexual discourse, and can impose needless problems on young people.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbott, D. A., & Dalla, R. L. (2008). ’It’s a choice, simple as that’: Youth reasoning for sexual abstinence or activity. Journal of Youth Studies, 11(6), 629–649.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alsgaard, H. (2012). Decoupling marriage & procreation: A feminist argument for same sex marriage. Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law & Justice, 27, 307–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Appiah, K. A. (2000). Stereotypes and the shaping of identity. California Law Review, 88(1), 41–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arrington, R., Cofranscesco, J., & Wu, A. W. (2004). Questionnaires to measure sexual quality of life. Quality of Life Research, 13, 1643–1658.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ayling, K., & Ussher, J. M. (2008). “If sex hurts, am I still a woman?” The subjective experience of vulvodynia in hetero-sexual women. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 37, 294–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beasley, C., Brook, H., & Holmes, M. (2012). Heterosexuality in theory and practice. Oxon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bermant, G., & Davidson, J. M. (1974). Biological bases of sexual behavior. New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bersamin, M. M., Walker, S., Fisher, D. A., & Grube, J. W. (2006). Correlates of oral sex and vaginal intercourse in early and middle adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 16(1), 59–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blum, L. (2004). Stereotypes and stereotyping: A moral analysis. Philosophical Papers, 33(3), 251–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boddington, P., & Räisänen, U. (2009). Theoretical and practical issues in the definition of health: Insights from aboriginal Australia. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 34, 49–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borten, L. D. (2002). Sex, procreation, and the state interest in marriage. Columbia Law Review, 102, 1089–1128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brady, S. S., & Halpern-Felsher, B. L. (2007). Adolescents’ reported consequences of having oral sex versus vaginal sex. Pediatrics, 119(2), 229–236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brandom, R. (2010). Conceptual content and discursive practice. Grazer Philosophische Studien, 81, 13–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braun, M., Wassmer, G., Klotz, T., Reinfenrath, B., Mathers, M., & Engelmann, U. (2000). Epidemiology of erectile dysfunction: Results of the ‘Cologne Male Survey’. International Journal of Impotence Research, 12, 305–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brewster, K. L., & Tillman, K. H. (2008). Who’s doing it? Patterns and predictors of youths’ oral sexual experiences. Journal of Adolescent Health, 42, 73–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Byers, E. S., Henderson, J., & Hobson, K. M. (2009). University students’ definitions of sexual abstinence and having sex. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38, 665–674.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cameron, D., & Kulick, D. (2003). Language and sexuality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, L. M. (2001). The ambiguity of “having sex”: The subjective experience of virginity loss in the United States. Journal of Sex Research, 38, 127–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Genital HPV infection—fact sheet. http://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv.htm. Accessed March 4, 2016.

  • Chambers, W. C. (2007). Oral sex: Varied behaviors and perceptions in a college population. Journal of Sex Research, 44(1), 28–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chasin, C. J. De Luzio. (2011). Theoretical issues in the study of asexuality. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40, 713–723.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, M. M., & Udry, J. R. (2002). Journal of Adolescent Health, 31, 48–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, R. J., & Oldersma, J. (2015). Sexuality in movement: Beyond the ‘Sexual Revolution’. Tijdschrift Voor Genderstudies, 18(2), 127–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diorio, J. A. (2001). Sexuality, difference, and the ethics of sex education. Journal of Social Philosophy, 32, 277–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon-Mueller, R. (2009). Starting young: Sexual initiation and HIV prevention in early adolescence. AIDS Behavior, 13, 100–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eckert, P. (1994). Entering the heterosexual marketplace: Identities of subordination as a developmental imperative. Retrieved from http://web.stanford.edu/~eckert/PDF/subordination.pdf

  • Eig, J. (2014). The birth of the pill: How four pioneers reinvented sex and launched a revolution. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elmerstig, E., Wijma, B., & Berterö, C. (2008). Why do young women continue to have sexual intercourse despite pain? Journal of Adolescent Health, 43, 357–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emens, E. F. (2014). Compulsory sexuality. Stanford Law Review, 66, 303–386.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farvid, P., & Braun, V. (2013). Casual sex as ‘not a natural act’ and other regimes of truth about heterosexuality. Feminism and Psychology, 23, 359–378.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feinberg, J. (2012). Exposing the traditional marriage agenda. Northwestern Journal of Law and Social Policy, 7(Spring), 301–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forrest, S., Strange, V., Oakley, A., & The RIPPLE Study Team. (2004). What do young people want from sex education? The results of a needs assessment from a peer-led sex education programme. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 6(4), 337–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frith, H. (2013). Labouring on orgasms: Embodiment, efficiency, entitlement and obligations in heterosex. Culture, Health and Sexuality, 15(4), 494–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallie, W. B. (1955–1956). Essentially contested concepts. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 56, 167–198.

  • Geras, N. (1995). Solidarity in the conversation of humankind. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillon, B. S. (1990). Ambiguity, generality, and indeterminacy: Tests and definitions. Synthese, 85, 391–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodenough, U. (2007). The emergence of sex. Zygon, 42, 857–872.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodson, P., Suther, S., Pruitt, B. E., & Wilson, K. (2003). Defining abstinence: Views of directors, instructors, and participants in abstinence-only-until-marriage programs in Texas. Journal of School Health, 73(3), 91–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gute, G., Eshbaugh, E. M., & Wiersma, J. (2008). Sex for you, but not for me: Discontinuity in undergraduate emerging adults’ definitions of “having sex”. Journal of Sex Research, 45, 329–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halpern-Felsher, B. L., Cornell, J. L., Kropp, R. Y., & Tschann, J. M. (2005). Oral versus vaginal sex among adolescents: Perceptions, attitudes, and behavior. Pediatrics, 115(4), 845–851.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hans, J. D., Gillen, M., & Akande, K. (2010). Sex redefined: The reclassification of oral-genital contact. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 42, 74–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hans, J. D., & Kimberly, C. (2011). Abstinence, sex, and virginity: Do they mean what we think they mean? American Journal of Sexuality Education, 6, 329–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hatzimouratids, K., Amar, E., Eardley, I., Giuliano, F., Hatzichristou, D., Montorsi, F., et al. (2010). Guidelines on male sexual dysfunction: Erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. European Urology, 57(5), 804–814.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hellstrom, W. J. G., Gittleman, M., Karlin, G., Segerson, T., Thibonnier, M., Taylor, T., & Paadma-Nathan, H. (2002). Vardenafil for treatment of men with erectile dysfunction: Efficacy and safety in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Andrology, 23(6), 763–771.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendricks, J. S., & Howerton, D. M. (2010–2011). Teaching values, teaching stereotypes: sex education and indoctrination in public schools. University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law, 13, 587–641.

  • Hensel, D. J., Fortenberry, J. D., & Orr, D. P. (2008). Variations in coital and noncoital sexual repertoire among adolescent women. Journal of Adolescent Health, 42, 170–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herdt, G. (2004). Sexual development, social oppression, and local culture. Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 1, 39–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, B. J., Rahman, Q., Bright, D. A., & Sanders, S. A. (2010). The semantics of sexual behavior and their implications for HIV/AIDS research and sexual health: US and UK gay men’s definitions of having “had sex”. AIDS Care, 22, 1245–1251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirshfield, S., Chiasson, M. A., Wagmiller, R. L., Reimien, R. H., Humberstone, M., Schienmann, R., & Grov, C. (2010). Sexual dysfunction in an internet sample of U.S. men who have sex with men. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7(9), 3104–3145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hockey, J., Meah, A., & Robinson, V. (2007). Mundane heterosexualities. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann, B. (2001). Complexity of the concept of disease as shown through rival theoretical frameworks. Theoretical Medicine, 22, 211–236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz, A. D., & Spicer, L. (2013). “Having sex” as a graded and hierarchical construct: A comparison of sexual definitions among heterosexual and lesbian emerging adults in the U.K. Journal of Sex Research, 50, 139–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, M. (1984). Sex research and the construction of sexuality: A tool of male supremacy? Women’s Studies International Forum, 7(1), 43–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, S. A., Gonzalez, R. R., & Te, A. E. (2007). Combination of Alfuzosin and Sidenafil in superior to monotherapy in treating lower urinary symtoms and erectile dysfunction. European Urology, 51, 1717–1723.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, T. A., Kahn, A. S., & Apple, K. J. (2003). Pluralist ignorance and hooking up. Journal of Sex Research, 40, 129–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leichliter, J. S., Chandra, A., Liddon, N., Fenton, K. A., & Aral, S. O. (2007). Prevalence and correlates of heterosexual anal and oral sex in adolescents and adults in the United States. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 196, 1852–1859.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, D. N. (1985). The flight from ambiguity. Essays in social and cultural theory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M. (2015). The biology of desire. Melbourne and London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • LoPiccolo, J. (1983). The prevention of sexual problems in men. In G. W. Albee, S. Gordon, & H. Leitenberg (Eds.), Promoting sexual responsibility and preventing sexual problems (pp. 39–65). Hanover & London: University Press of New England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manning, J. (2015). Communicating sexual identities: A typology of coming out. Sexuality and Culture, 19, 122–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Masters, W., & Johnson, V. (1966). Human sexual response. Boston: Little Brown.

    Google Scholar 

  • May, K. L. (2012). Finding Out: An Introduction to LGBT Studies by Deborah T. Meem, Michelle A. Gibson, and Jonathan F. Alexander. Journal of Bisexuality, 12, 543–547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCulloch, A. (2013). Fighting to choose: The abortion rights struggle in New Zealand. Wellington: Victoria University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menn, M., Goodson, P., Pruitt, B., & Peck-Parrott, K. (2011). Terminology of sexuality expressions that exclude penetration: A literature review. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 6, 343–359.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merry, M. S. (2005). Indoctrination, moral instruction, and nonrational beliefs: A place for autonomy? Educational Theory, 55(4), 399–420.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michaels, S., & Giami, A. (1999). Sexual acts and sexual relationships: Asking about sex in surveys. Public Opinion Quarterly, 63, 401–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohr, J. J. (2002). Heterosexual identity and the heterosexual therapist: An identity perspective on sexual orientation dynamics in psychotherapy. The Counselling Psychologist, 30(3), 532–566.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montorsi, F., Briganti, A., Salonia, A., Rigatti, P., Margonato, A., Macchi, A., et al. (2003). Erectile dysfunction prevalence, time of onset and association with risk factors in 300 consecutive patients with acute chest pain and angiographically documented coronary artery disease. European Urology, 44, 360–365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mooney-Somers, J., & Ussher, J. M. (2010). Sex as commodity. Single and partnered men’s subjectification as heterosexual men. Men and Masculinities, 12(3), 353–373.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moran, C., & Lee, C. (2014). Women’s constructions of heterosexual non-romantic sex and the implications for sexual health. Psychology & Sexuality, 5, 161–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nicoletti, A. (2005). The definition of abstinence. Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 18, 57–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolson, P., & Burr, J. (2003). What is ‘normal’ about women’s (hetero)sexual desire and orgasm?: A report of an in-depth interview study. Social Science and Medicine, 57, 1735–1745.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donohue, W., & Caselles, C. E. (1993). Homophobia: Conceptual, definitional, and value issues. Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Assessment, 15(3), 177–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Gorman, H. J. (1986). The discovery of pluralistic ignorance: An ironic lesson. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 22, 333–347.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Opperman, E., Braun, V., Clarke, V., & Rogers, C. (2014). ’It feels so good it almost hurts’: Young adults’ experiences of orgasm and sexual pleasure. Journal of Sex Research, 51(5), 503–515.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Overall, C. (1990). Heterosexuality and feminist theory. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 20(1), 1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, Z. D., & Muehlenhard, C. L. (2007). What is sex and why does it matter? A motivational approach to exploring individuals’ definitions of sex. Journal of Sex Research, 44, 256–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pickering, N., Anderson, L., & Paterson, H. (2015). Teens and young adults should be started on long-acting reversible contraceptives before sexual activity commences. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 122(8), 1052.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pleasants, N. (2008). Institutional wrongdoing and moral perception. Journal of Social Philosophy, 39(1), 96–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Potts, A. (2000). Coming, coming, gone: A feminist deconstruction of heterosexual orgasm. Sexualities, 3(1), 55–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prause, N., & Graham, C. A. (2007). Asexuality: Classification and characterization. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 36, 341–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Przybylo, E. (2011). Crisis and safety: The asexual in sexusociety. Sexualities, 14, 444–461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Radner, H. (2008). Compulsory sexuality and the desiring woman. Sexualities, 11(1/2), 94–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Randall, H. E., & Byers, E. S. (2003). What is sex? Students’ definitions of having sex, sexual partner, and unfaithful sexual behavior. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 12(2), 87–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Remez, L. (2000). Oral sex among adolescents: Is it sex or is it abstinence? Family Planning Perspectives, 32(6), 298–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rich, A. (1980). Compulsory heterosexuality and lesbian existence. Signs, 5(4), 6310660.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, K. C. (1998). Penetrating sex and marriage: The progressive potential of addressing bisexuality in queer theory. Denver University Law Review, 75, 1375–1408.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, M. W., Daneback, K., & Mänsson, S.-A. (2012). Fluid versus fixed: A new perspective on bisexuality as a fluid orientation beyond gender. Journal of Bisexuality, 12, 449–460.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruben, D.-H. (2010). W.B. Gallie and essentially contested concepts. Philosophical Papers, 39(2), 257–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rust, P. (1992). The politics of sexual identity: Sexual attraction and behavior among lesbian and bisexual women. Social Problems, 39, 366–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, A. (2000). Feminism and sexual freedom in an age of AIDS. Sexualities, 4, 91–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, S. A., Hill, B. J., Yarber, W. L., Graham, C. A., Crosby, R. A., & Milhausen, R. R. (2010). Misclassification bias: Diversity in conceptualizations about having ‘had sex’. Sexual Health, 7, 31–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scherrer, K. S. (2008). Coming to an asexual identity: Negotiating identity, negotiating desire. Sexualities, 11, 621–641.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schiappa, E. (2003). Defining reality. Definitions and the politics of meaning. Carbondale & Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Segal, L. (1994). Straight sex. Rethinking the politics of pleasure. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sell, R. L. (1997). Defining and measuring sexual orientation: A review. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 26(6), 643–658.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shokeid, M. (2002). You don’t eat Indian and Chinese food at the same meal: The bisexual quandary. Anthropological Quarterly, 75, 63–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, I., Oades, L. G., & McCarthy, G. (2012). Homophpbia to heterosexism: Constructs in need of revisitation. Gay and Lesbian Issues and Psychology Review, 8, 34–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Song, A. V., & Halpern-Felsher, B. L. (2011). Predictive relationship between adolescent oral and vaginal sex. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 165(3), 243–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steele, C. M. (1997). A threat in the air. How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. American Psychologist, 52(6), 613–629.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, M. N. (2004–2005). Judicial redefinition of marriage. Canadian Journal of Family Law, 21, 13–132.

  • Stuckey, B. A. A., Jadzinsky, M. N., Murphy, L. J., Montoris, F., Kadioglu, A., Fraige, F., et al. (2003). Sidenafil citrate for treatment of erectile dysfunction in men with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 26(2), 279–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trotter, E. C., & Alderson, K. G. (2007). University students’ definitions of having sex, sexual partner, and virginity loss: The influence of participant gender, sexual experience, and contextual factors. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 16, 11–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsang, A. K. T., & Ho, P. S. Y. (2007). Lost in translation: Sex and sexuality in elite discourse and everyday language. Sexualities, 10, 623–644.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uecker, J. E., Angotti, N., & Regnerus, M. D. (2008). Going most of the way: ‘Technical virginity’ among American adolescents. Social Science Research, 37, 1200–1215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Anders, S. M. (2015). Beyond sexual orientation: Integrating gender/sex and diverse sexualities via sexual configurations theory. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44, 1177–1213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wahlert, L., & Fiester, A. (2012). Questioning scrutiny: Bioethics, sexuality, and gender identity. Bioethical Inquiry, 9, 243–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walton, G. M., & Cohen, G. L. (2007). A question of belonging: Race, social fit, and achievement. Journal of Personaility and Social Psychology, 92, 82–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, D., & Bullough, V. L. (2004). Adolescent American sex. Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 16(2–3), 43–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wespes, E., Amar, E., Hatzichristou, D., Hatzimouratidis, K., Montorsi, F., Pryor, J., & Vardi, Y. (2006). EAU guidelines on erectile dysfunction: An update. European Urology, 49, 806–815.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, R. (2010). You just believe that because…. Philosophical Perspectives, 24, 574–615.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wickberg, D. (2000). Homophobia: On the cultural history of an idea. Critical Inquiry, 27, 42–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, T., Connolly, J., & Cribbie, R. (2008). Light and heavy heterosexual activities of young Canadian adolescents: Normative patterns and differential predictors. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 18(1), 145–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt, T. (2009). Sexual risk taking: For better or worse. American Journal of Health Education, 40(6), 333–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zagzebski, L. (2013). Intellectual autonomy. Philosophical Issues, 23, 244–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joseph A. Diorio.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The author declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by the author.

Additional information

Joseph A. Diorio—Independent scholar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Diorio, J.A. Changing Discourse, Learning Sex, and Non-coital Heterosexuality. Sexuality & Culture 20, 841–861 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-016-9359-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-016-9359-9

Keywords

Navigation