Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Long-Term Prognosis of Patients with Esophageal Atresia and/or Tracheoesophageal Fistula

  • Original Article
  • Published:
The Indian Journal of Pediatrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

To investigate long-term prognosis of infants with esophageal atresia (EA) and/or tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF).

Methods

The data of patients with EA were investigated from their medical files. For the neurodevelopmental evaluation, they were requested to come for a return visit to authors' polyclinic. Intellectual development was assessed by Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory (ADSI) (for 0–6 age) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) (for 6–16 age).

Results

Of the 57 patients, 50 had EA+ distal TEF (87.7 %), six had isolated EA (10.5 %) and one had isolated TEF (1.8 %). Of the total patients, 18 cases (31 %) died and remaining 39 cases (69 %) survived. In the surviving cases, the most common long-term complication was dysphagia (n = 37, 94.8 %). Intellectual levels of the 24 patients assessed by ADSI were normal and of the remaining 15 cases evaluated by WISC-R ranged between 95 and 110 points.

Conclusions

The long-term complications and hospital visits are common in surviving cases of EA; however, they have normal cognitive functions and physical developmental characteristics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Harmon CM, Coran AG. Congenital anomalies of the esophagus. In: Grosfeld JL, O’Neill JA, Fonkalsrud EW, Coran AG, editors. Pediatric surgery. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier; 2006. p. 1051–81.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Spitz L Esophageal atresia: lessons I have learned in a 40-year experience. J Pediatr Surg. 2006;41:1635–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Holder TM, Cloud DT, Lewis JE Jr, Pilling GP 4th. Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. A survey of its members by the surgical section of the American academy of pediatrics. Pediatrics. 1964;34:542–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Demircan M, Aksoy T, Ceran C, Kafkasli A. Tracheal agenesis and esophageal atresia with proximal and distal bronchoesophageal fistulas. J Pediatr Surg. 2008;43:e1–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Felix JF, Tibboel D, de Klein A. Chromosomal anomalies in the etiology of oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula. Eur J Med Genet. 2007;50:163–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Starka Z, Patela N, Clarnette T, Moody A. Triad of tracheoesophageal fistula-esophageal atresia, pulmonary hypoplasia, and duodenal atresia. J Pediatr Surg. 2007;42:1146–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Sistonen SJ, Koivusalo A, Lindahl H, Pukkala E, Rintala RJ, Pakarinen MP. Cancer after repair of esophageal atresia: population-based long-term follow-up. J Pediatr Surg. 2008;43:602–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Little DC, Rescorla FJ, Grosfeld JL, West KW, Scherer LR, Engum SA. Long-term analysis of children with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. J Pediatr Surg. 2003;38:852–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Sezgin N Two different validity study of Ankara developmental screening inventory (ADSI): criterion- related validity and concurrent discrimination validity. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2011;18:185–96.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Savasir I, Sahin N. Wechsler intelligence scale for children-revised (WISC-R) Turkish handbook. Ankara: Turkish Psychological Association Publications; 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Celayir S, İlçe Z, Tekand GT, et al. The experience with esophagus atresia (1978–2000). Cerrahpaşa J Med. 2002;33:86–92.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Spitz L. Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal malformations. In: Ashcraff KW, Holcomb GW, Murphy JP, editors. Pediatric surgery. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2005. p. 352–70.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Mortell AE, Azizkhan RG. Esophageal atresia repair with thoracotomy: the Cincinnati contemporary experience. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2009;18:12–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Okamoto T, Takamizawa S, Arai H, et al. Esophageal atresia: prognostic classification revisited. Surgery. 2009;145:675–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Gupta DK, Sharma S. Esophageal atresia: the total care in a high-risk population. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2008;17:236–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Spitz L Gastric transposition in children. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2009;18:30–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Rintala RJ, Sistonen S, Pakarinen MP. Outcome of esophageal atresia beyond childhood. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2009;18:50–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Koivusalo A, Pakarinen MP, Rintala RJ. The cumulative incidence of significant gastrooesophageal reflux in patients with oesophageal atresia with a distal fistula-a systematic clinical, pH-metric, and endoscopic follow-up study. J Pediatr Surg. 2007;42:370–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Van der Zee DC, Klaas MA. Thoracoscopic treatment of esophageal atresia with distal fistula of tracheomalacia. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2007;16:224–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Bilirim A, Yurtçu M, Günel E, Abasıyanık A. 20 years' experience on esophageal atresia. Selçuk Tıp Derg. 2012;28:26–31.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Faugli A, Bjørnland K, Emblemc R, Novik TS, Diseth TH. Mental health and psychosocial functioning in adolescents with esophageal atresia. J Pediatr Surg. 2009;44:729–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Contributions

UB: Planing and writing of the paper; FE: Collection of the data; MS: Management and follow up of the patients; IE: Developmental evaluation of the cases; MA: Language redaction; AK: Supervisor of the study and will act as guarantor for this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Firat University School of Medicine, 23119, Elazig, Turkey

    Unal Bakal, Fikret Ersoz, Mehmet Sarac & Ahmet Kazez

  2. Department of Psychology, Elazığ Mental Health Hospital, Elazig, Turkey

    Irem Eker

  3. Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey

    Mustafa Aydin

Authors
  1. Unal Bakal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fikret Ersoz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Irem Eker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mehmet Sarac
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Mustafa Aydin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ahmet Kazez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Unal Bakal.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

None.

Source of Funding

None.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bakal, U., Ersoz, F., Eker, I. et al. Long-Term Prognosis of Patients with Esophageal Atresia and/or Tracheoesophageal Fistula. Indian J Pediatr 83, 401–404 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-015-1930-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-015-1930-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation