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Proteomic Investigation of Photorhabdus Bacteria for Nematode-Host Specificity

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Abstract

Majority of animals form symbiotic relationships with bacteria. Based on the number of bacterial species associating with an animal, these symbiotic associations can be mono-specific, relatively simple (2–25 bacterial species/animal) or highly complex (>102–103 bacterial species/animal). Photorhabdus (family-Enterobacteriaceae) forms a mono-specific symbiotic relationship with the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis. This system provides a tractable genetic model for animal-microbe symbiosis studies. Here, we investigated the bacterial factors that may be responsible for governing host specificity between nematode and their symbiont bacteria using proteomics approach. Total protein profiles of P. luminescens ssp. laumondii (host nematode- H. bacteriophora) and P. luminescens ssp. akhurstii (host nematode- H. indica) were compared using 2-D gel electrophoresis, followed by identification of differentially expressed proteins by MALDI-TOF MS. Thirty-nine unique protein spots were identified - 24 from P. luminescens ssp. laumondii and 15 from P. luminescens ssp. akhurstii. These included proteins that might be involved in determining host specificity directly (for e.g. pilin FimA, outer membrane protein A), indirectly through effect on bacterial secondary metabolism (for e.g. malate dehydrogenase Mdh, Pyruvate formate-lyase PflA, flavo protein WrbA), or in a yet unknown manner (for e.g. hypothetical proteins, transcription regulators). Further functional validation is needed to establish the role of these bacterial proteins in nematode-host specificity.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Vinay Kalia, Principal Scientist, Division of Entomology, ICAR-IARI for providing facilities for 2-D gel electrophoresis. This work was supported by Grant no. C4-3005 (Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Agricultural Innovation Project); Grant no. SB/SO/AS/010/2014 (Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India), and in-house funding from the Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Division of Nematology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India

      Ram Kumar, Jyoti Kushwah, Sudershan Ganguly & Vishal S. Somvanshi

    2. ICAR-National Research Center on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India

      Ram Kumar

    3. Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Banasthali Vidyapeeth, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

      Veena Garg

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    1. Ram Kumar
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    Correspondence to Vishal S. Somvanshi.

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    Ram Kumar and Jyoti Kushwah: equal contribution first authorship.

    Sudershan Ganguly: posthumously.

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    Kumar, R., Kushwah, J., Ganguly, S. et al. Proteomic Investigation of Photorhabdus Bacteria for Nematode-Host Specificity. Indian J Microbiol 56, 361–367 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-016-0594-4

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