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Low power mode energy demand of household appliances—SELINA and APP projects

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Abstract

In the last decades, it has been recognized that energy consumption in low power modes for electrical and electronic products is an important issue. There is a need to expand energy efficiency efforts beyond simple standby modes into the new more complex area of networks, thus tackling the new paradigm of living based on the Internet of Things. The European project SELINA carried out a large scale in store monitoring campaign, measuring about 6300 different equipment. Since then, there is no reference to other similar market surveillance studies being carried out in Europe. In Asia, a market surveillance campaign performed by the Asia Pacific Partnership with measurements on a regular basis has been very successful. SELINA results show that 18.5% of the measured products present power values higher than the 2010 EC 1275/2008 regulation threshold in off-mode, and for standby this value reached 31%. When a comparison is made with the 2013 EC 1275/2008 regulation threshold, these values increase twice. The Asia Pacific Partnership results alert policy makers that low passive standby does not guarantee low active standby. Several studies indicate that consumer electronic products are becoming more efficient and their energy consumption is decreasing. However, because the ownership of appliances is also increasing, these improvements in energy efficiency do not seem to have significant impact in the overall consumption of the households. In addition, there is evidence that not all appliances in the market reach the performance announced by the manufacturers. Recent measurements carried out by the Natural Resources Defense Council on flat screen TVs revealed that their real energy consumption seems to be higher than announced in the label. This shows the urgent need for measurement campaigns, since no market surveillance is being carried out on regular basis, and trusting the manufacturer’s data seems to be unreliable.

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Notes

  1. The One Watt Initiative was launched by the IEA in 1999 to ensure, through international cooperation, that by 2010 all new appliances sold in the world would only use 1 W in standby mode.

  2. Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1275/2008, of 17 December 2008, implementing Directive 2005/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to eco-design requirements for standby and off-mode electric power consumption of electrical and electronic household and office equipment:

    http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:339:0045:0052:en:PDF

  3. According to the Commission Regulation (EU) No 801/2013 “networked standby” means a condition in which the equipment is able to resume a function by way of a remotely initiated trigger from a network connection.

  4. The first commercially successful wireless TV remote control (Zenith Space Command) was launched in to the US market in 1956.

  5. European Commission Regulation (EU) No 801/2013 of 22 August 2013, amending Regulation (EC) No 1275/2008 with regard to eco-design requirements for standby, off mode electric power consumption of electrical and electronic household and office equipment, and amending Regulation (EC) No 642/2009 with regard to eco-design requirements for televisions, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32013R0801

  6. “Networked equipment with high network availability” (HiNA equipment) means equipment with one or more of the following functionalities, but no other, as the main function(s): router, network switch, wireless network access point, hub, modem, VoIP telephone, video phone.

  7. IEA Implementing Agreement 4E (Efficient Electrical End-use Equipment) with an Annex on Standby, Energy Star/EPA in USA, Australia Standby Initiative, Swiss Federal Office of Energy

  8. www.odyssee-mure.eu

  9. In the European Union, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are non-subsidiary, independent firms which employ less than 250 employees and have an annual turnover equal or less to 50 million Euros.

  10. www.iea-4e.org

  11. http://mappingandbenchmarking.iea-4e.org/files/otherfiles/0000/0023/International_Benchmarking_of_Standby_Power_Consumption_-_Final_Submission_to_CEM_-_IEA_4E.pdf

  12. http://edna.iea-4e.org

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Acknowledgments

The SELINA Project was co-financed by the Intelligent Energy Europe Programme of the European Union.

All efforts were done to ensure accuracy of the measurements, with appropriate developed methodology and test equipment. Other parties are welcome to provide alternative measurements carried out by a certified institution.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Carlos Patrão, Aníbal T. de Almeida & Paula Fonseca

  2. Intertek, London, UK

    Bob Harrison

  3. Fraunhofer-ISI, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Barbara Schlomann

  4. Maia Consulting, Melbourne, Australia

    Melissa Damnics

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  1. Carlos Patrão
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  2. Aníbal T. de Almeida
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  3. Bob Harrison
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  4. Barbara Schlomann
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  5. Melissa Damnics
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  6. Paula Fonseca
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Correspondence to Carlos Patrão.

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Patrão, C., de Almeida, A.T., Harrison, B. et al. Low power mode energy demand of household appliances—SELINA and APP projects. Energy Efficiency 10, 1299–1314 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-017-9518-3

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