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Post-glacial landform evolution in the middle Satluj River valley, India: Implications towards understanding the climate tectonic interactions

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Abstract

Late Quaternary landform evolution in monsoon-dominated middle Satluj valley is reconstructed using the fragmentary records of fluvial terraces, alluvial fans, debris flows, paleo-flood deposits, and epigenetic gorges. Based on detailed field mapping, alluvial stratigraphy, sedimentology and optical chronology, two phases of fluvial aggradations are identified. The older aggradation event dated between ∼13 and 11 ka (early-Holocene), occurred in the pre-existing topography carved by multiple events of erosion and incision. Climatically, the event corresponds to the post-glacial strengthened Indian summer monsoon (ISM). The younger aggradation event dated between ∼5 and 0.4 ka (mid- to late-Holocene), was during the declining phase of ISM. The terrain witnessed high magnitude floods during transitional climate (∼6.5–7 ka). The fluvial sedimentation was punctuated by short-lived debris flows and alluvial fans during the LGM (weak ISM), early to mid-Holocene transition climate and mid- to late-Holocene declining ISM. Based on the terrace morphology, an event of relatively enhanced surface uplift is inferred after late Holocene. The present study suggests that post-glacial landforms in the middle Satluj valley owe their genesis to the interplay between the climate variability and local/regional tectonic interactions.

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Acknowledgements

The study forms part of PhD thesis of Shubhra Sharma. We are grateful to the Director, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun for encouragement and support. We also acknowledge Dr Pradeep Srivastava for fruitful discussions and help with OSL data. NASA and GLIMS (Global Land Ice Measurements from Space) is recognised for providing ASTER L1B data product. The assistance provided by the local people in the field is duly acknowledged. They are greatly thankful to the anonymous reviewers for constructive comments which helped in improving the manuscript.

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  1. Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, India

    Shubhra Sharma & S K Bartarya

  2. Department of Geography, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India

    Shubhra Sharma & B S Marh

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Sharma, S., Bartarya, S.K. & Marh, B.S. Post-glacial landform evolution in the middle Satluj River valley, India: Implications towards understanding the climate tectonic interactions. J Earth Syst Sci 125, 539–558 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-016-0682-1

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