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Efficacy of Selective Brain Cooling Using a Nasopharyngeal Method in Piglets

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Abstract

Background

Mild hypothermia is an effective neuroprotective strategy for a variety of acute brain injuries. Cooling the nasopharynx may offer the capability to cool the brain selectively due to anatomic proximity of the internal carotid artery to the cavernous sinus. This study investigated the feasibility and efficiency of nasopharyngeal brain cooling by continuously blowing room temperature or cold air at different flow rates into the nostrils of normal newborn piglets.

Methods

Experiments were conducted on thirty piglets (n = 30, weight = 2.7 ± 1.5 kg). Piglets were anesthetized with 1–2 % isoflurane and were randomized to receive one of four different nasopharyngeal cooling treatments: I. Room temperature at a flow rate of 3–4 L min−1 (n = 6); II. −1 ± 2 °C at a flow rate of 3–4 L min−1 (n = 6); III. Room temperature at a flow rate of 14–15 L min−1 (n = 6); IV. −8 ± 2 °C at a flow rate of 14–15 L min−1 (n = 6). To control for the normal thermal regulatory response of piglets without nasopharyngeal cooling, a control group of piglets (n = 6) had their brain temperature monitored without nasopharyngeal cooling. The duration of treatment was 60 min, with additional 30 min of observation.

Results

In group I, median cooling rate was 1.7 ± 0.9 °C/h by setting the flow rate of room temperature air to 3–4 L min−1. Results of comparing different temperatures and flow rates in the nasopharyngeal cooling approach reveal that the brain temperature could be reduced rapidly at a rate of 5.5 ± 1.1 °C/h by blowing −8 ± 2 °C air at a flow rate of 14–15 L min−1.

Conclusions

Nasopharyngeal cooling via cooled insufflated air can lower the brain temperature, with higher flows and lower temperatures of insufflated air being more effective.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would also like to thank Laura Morrison and Jennifer Hadway for their help in conducting the animal experiments. All work was performed in Lawson Health Research Institute.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada

    Mohammad Fazel Bakhsheshi, Errol E. Stewart, Laura Morrison, Lynn Keenliside & Ting-Yim Lee

  2. Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada

    Mohammad Fazel Bakhsheshi, Errol E. Stewart & Ting-Yim Lee

  3. Departments of Medical Imaging and Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada

    Ting-Yim Lee

  4. Center for Medical-IT Convergence Research, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea

    Joo Ho Tai

Authors
  1. Mohammad Fazel Bakhsheshi
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Correspondence to Mohammad Fazel Bakhsheshi.

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Lawson Health Research Institute.

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Fazel Bakhsheshi, M., Stewart, E.E., Tai, J.H. et al. Efficacy of Selective Brain Cooling Using a Nasopharyngeal Method in Piglets. Neurocrit Care 24, 140–149 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-015-0195-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-015-0195-9

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