Abstract
Metalloporphyrins are an important group of sensitizers with a porphyrin skeleton. Their photophysical properties are significantly affected by the nature of the central ion. In this work, we focus on the mechanical properties of a cervix carcinoma cell line which underwent photodynamic treatment (PDT) with MgTPPS4 photosensitzer. Atomic force microscopy alongside confocal microscopy was used to quantify and qualify the structural characteristics before and after PDT. Cells before PDT showed a fine actin network and higher elasticity with the median of Young modulus 12.2 kPa. After PDT, the median of Young modulus was 13.4 kPa and a large redistribution in the actin network was observed.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- AF:
-
Actin filament
- AFM:
-
Atomic Force Microscopy
- PDT:
-
Photodynamic Treatment
- F-d curve:
-
Force—distance curve
References
Agostinis, P., Berg, K., Cengel, K. A., et al. (2011). Photodynamic therapy of cancer: an update. CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 61, 250–281.
Kudinova, N. V., & Berezov, T. T. (2010). Photodynamic therapy of cancer: Search for ideal photosensitizer. Biochemistry (Moscow) Supplement Series B, 4, 95–103.
Kolarova, H., Nevrelova, P., Tomankova, K., et al. (2008). Production of reactive oxygen species after photodynamic therapy by porphyrin sensitizers. General Physiology and Biophysics, 27, 101–105.
Lapes, M., & Petera, J. (1996). Jirsa M (1996) Photodynaic therapy of cutaneous metastases of breast cancer after local application of meso-tetra-(para-sulphophenyl)-porphin (TPPS4). Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B, 36, 205–207.
Kubat, P., & Mosinger, J. (1996). Photophysical properties of metal complexes of meso-tetrakis(4-sulphonatophenyl) porphyrin. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A, 96, 93–97.
Sanabria, L. M., Rodriguez, M. E., Cogno, I. S., et al. (2013). Direct and indirect photodynamic therapy effects on the cellular and molecular components of the tumor microenvironment. BBA Reviews on Cancer, 1835, 36–45.
Liu, T., Wu, L. Y., & Berkman, C. E. (2010). Prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted photodynamic therapy induces rapid cytoskeletal disruption. Cancer Letters, 296, 106–112.
Starodubtseva, M. N. (2011). Mechanical properties of cells and ageing. Ageing Research Reviews, 10, 16–25.
Casas, A., Sanz-Rodriguez, F., Di Venosa, G., et al. (2008). Disorganisation of cytoskeleton in cells resistant to photodynamic treatment with decreased metastatic phenotype. Cancer Letters, 270, 56–65.
Papakonstanti, E. A., & Stournaras, C. (2008). Cell responses regulated by early reorganization of actin cytoskeleton. FEBS Letters, 582, 2120–2127.
Maftoum-Costa, M., Naves, K. T., Oliveira, A. L., et al. (2008). Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and actin filament behaviour after PDT with chloroaluminum phthalocyanine liposomal in HeLa cells. Cell Biology International, 32, 1024–1028.
Berquand, A., Holloschi, A., Trendelenburg, M., et al. (2010). Analysis of cytoskeleton-destabilizing agents by optimized optical navigation and AFM force measurements. Microscopy Today, 18, 34–37.
Rebelo, L. M., de Sousa, J. S., Mendes Filho, J., et al. (2013). Comparison of the viscoelastic properties of cells from different kidney cancer phenotypes measured with atomic force microscopy. Nanotechnology, 24, 55102–55113.
Zhou, E. H., Quek, S. T., & Lim, C. T. (2010). Power-law rheology analysis of cells undergoing micropipette aspiration. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, 9, 563–572.
Li, Y., Wen, C., Xie, H., et al. (2009). Mechanical property analysis of stored red blood cell using optical tweezers. Colloid Surface B, 70, 169–173.
Fodil, R., Laurent, V., Planus, E., et al. (2003). Characterization of cytoskeleton mechanical properties and 3D-actin structure in twisted adherent epithelial cells. Biorheology, 40, 241–245.
Binnig, G., & Quate, C. F. (1986). Atomic force microscope. Physical Review Letters, 56, 930–933.
Lekka, M., Pogoda, K., Gostek, J., et al. (2012). Cancer cell recognition—mechanical phenotype. Micron, 43, 1259–1266.
Guo, Q., Xia, Y., Sandig, M., et al. (2012). Characterization of cell elasticity correlated with cell morphology by atomic force microscope. Journal of Biomechanics, 45, 304–309.
Bushell, G. R., Cahill, C., Clarke, F. M., et al. (1999). Imaging and force-distance analysis of human fibroblasts in vitro by atomic force microscopy. Cytometry, 36, 254–264.
Pogoda, K., Jaczewska, J., Wiltowksa-Zuber, J., et al. (2012). Depth-sensing analysis of cytoskeleton organization based on AFM data. European Biophysics Journal, 41, 79–87.
Tsai, J. C., Wu, C. L., Chien, H. F., et al. (2005). Reorganization of cytoskeleton induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid—mediated photodynamic therapy and its correlation with mitochondrial dysfunction. Laser in Surgery and Medicine, 36, 398–408.
Plaetzer, K., Kiesslich, T., Verwanger, T., et al. (2003). The modes of cell death induced by PDT: an overview. Medical Laser Application, 18, 7–9.
Berlanda, J., Kiesslich, T., Engelhardt, V., et al. (2010). Comparative in vitro study on the characteristics of different photosensitizers employed in PDT. Journal of Photochemistry Photobiology B, 100, 173–180.
Jung, S. H., Park, J. Y., Yoo, J. O., et al. (2009). Identification and ultrastructural imaging of photodynamic therapy-induced microfilaments by atomic force microscopy. Ultramicroscopy, 109, 1428–1434.
Uzdensky, A., Kolpakova, E., Juzeniene, A., et al. (2005). The effect of sub-lethal ALA-PDT on the cytoskeleton and adhesion of cultured human cancer cells. BBA General Subjects, 1722, 43–50.
Juarranz, A., Espada, J., Stockert, J. C., et al. (2001). Photodamege unduced by zinc(II)-phthalocyanine to microtubules, actin, α-actinin and keratin of HeLa cells. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 73, 283–289.
Li, Q. S., Lee, G. Y. H., Ong, C. N., et al. (2008). AFM indentation study of breast cancer cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 374, 609–613.
Lekka, M., Laidler, P., Gil, D., et al. (1999). Elasticity of normal and cancerous human bladder cells studied by scanning force microscopy. European Biophysics Journal, 28, 312–316.
Prabhune, M., Belge, G., Dotzauer, A., et al. (2012). Comparison of mechanical properties of normal and malignant thyroid cells. Micron, 43, 1267–1272.
Wakatsuki, T., Schwab, B., Thompson, N. C., et al. (2000). Effects of cytochalasin D and lantrunculin B on mechanical properties of cells. Journal of Cell Science, 114, 1025–1036.
Rotsch, C., & Radmacher, M. (2000). Drug-induced changes of cytoskeletal structure and mechanics in fibroblasts: an atomic force microscopy study. Biophysical Journal, 78, 520–535.
Kasas, S., Wang, X., Hirling, H., et al. (2005). Superficial and deep changes of cellular mechanical properties following cytoskeleton disassembly. Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton, 62, 124–132.
Kolar, P., Tomankova, K., Malohlava, J., et al. (2013). The effect of photodynamic treatment on morphological and mechanical properties of the HeLa cell line. General Physiology and Biophysics, 32, 337–346.
Jin, H., Xing, X., Zhao, H., et al. (2010). Detection of erythrocytes influenced by aging and type 2 diabetes using atomic force microscope. Biochemical and Biophysical Reseasrch Communications, 391, 1698–1702.
Sugitate, T., Kihara, T., Liu, X. Y., et al. (2009). Mechanical role of the nucleus in a cell in terms of elastic modulus. Current Applied Physics, 9, e291–e293.
Cross, S. E., Jin, Y. S., Rao, J., et al. (2007). Nanomechanical analysis of cells from cancer patients. Nature Nanotechnology, 2, 780–783.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Jiri Mosinger from the Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, for MgTPPS4 sensitizer preparation. This study was supported by LF_2015_008, IGA MZCR NT 14060-3/2013 and NPU I LO1304.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Malohlava, J., Tomankova, K., Malina, L. et al. Effect of Porphyrin Sensitizer MgTPPS4 on Cytoskeletal System of HeLa Cell Line—Microscopic Study. Cell Biochem Biophys 74, 419–425 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-016-0746-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-016-0746-5