Abstract
An 84-day feeding trial was conducted in growing turkeys to measure the bioavailability of Cu, Zn and Mn from a commercial mineral chelate and corresponding inorganic salts in composite feeds containing supplemental riboflavin (B2) and/or pyridoxine (B6). A total of 320, 28-day-old British United Turkeys (BUT) were assigned to eight dietary treatments in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement comprising two trace mineral sources: chelated trace mineral blend (CTMB) and its corresponding inorganic trace minerals blend (ITMB) fed solely or with supplements of vitamin B2 (8 ppm) or B6 (7 ppm) or 8 ppm B2 + 7 ppm B6. Each treatment was replicated four times with 10 turkeys each. It was observed that turkeys fed with diets supplemented solely with ITMB elicited higher (P < 0.05) Zn excretion than their counterparts fed with diets containing ITMB with supplements of vitamins B2 and/or B6. Manganese retention was lower (P < 0.05) in turkeys fed with diets supplemented solely with ITMB than those fed with diets containing vitamins B2 and/or B6 additives. Combination of CTMB or ITMB with B6 improved (P < 0.05) the concentration of Mn in the liver and Cu in the bone. It was concluded that the minerals in CTMB were more available to the animals than ITMB. Furthermore, vitamins B2 and/or B6 supplementation improved the bioavailability of the inorganic Cu, Zn and Mn in growing turkeys and tended to reduce the concentration of these trace elements in birds’ excreta.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Underwood EJ, Suttle N (1999) The mineral nutrition of livestock, 3rd edn. CAB Int, Wallingford, p. 342
Nollet L, van der Klis JD, Lensing M, Spring P (2007) The effect of replacing inorganic with organic trace minerals in broiler diets on productive performance and mineral excretion. J Appl Poult Res 16(4):592–597
National Research Council (NRC) (1994) Nutritional requirements of poultry, 9th revised edn. National Academy Press, Washington, DC
Inal FB, Coskun NG, Kurtoglu V (2001) The effects of withdrawal of vitamin and trace mineral supplements from layer diets on egg yield and trace mineral composition. Br Poult Sci 42:77–80
Zhao J, Shirley RB, Vazquez-Anon IM, Dibner JJ, Richards JD, Fisher P, Hampton T, Christensen KD, Allard JP, Giesen AF (2010) Effects of chelated trace minerals on growth performance, breast meat yield, and footpad health in commercial meat broilers. J Appl Poult Res 19:4365–4372
Alonso ML, Montana FP, Miranda M, Castillo C, Hernandez J, Benedito JL (2004) Interactions between toxic (As, Cd, Hg and Pb) and nutritional essential (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Zn) elements in the tissue of cattle from NW Spain. Biometals 17:389–397
Spears JW (1996) Optimizing mineral levels and sources for farm animals. In: In: Nutrient management of animals to enhance and protect the environment. CRC, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 259–275
Jegede AV, Oduguwa OO, Bamgbose AM, Fanimo AO, Nollet L (2011) Growth response, blood characteristics and copper accumulation in organs of broilers fed on diets supplemented with organic and inorganic dietary copper sources. Br Poult Sci 52(1):133–139
Bao YM, Choct M, Iji PA, Bruerton K (2007) Effect of organically complexed copper, iron, manganese, and zinc on broiler performance, mineral excretion, and accumulation in tissues. J Appl Poult Res 16(3):448–455
Idowu OMO, Ajuwon RO, Oso AO, Akinloye OA (2011) Effects of zinc supplementation on laying performance, serum chemistry and Zn residue in tibia bone, liver, excreta and egg shell of laying hens. Int J Poult Sci 10(3):225–230
Watts DL (1990) Nutrient interrelationships of minerals vitamins and endocrines. J Orthomol Med 5(1):11–19
Scheideler SE (1991) Interaction of dietary calcium, manganese and manganese source (manganese oxide or manganese methionine chelate) on chick performance and manganese utilization. Biol Trace Elem Res 29:217–223
Gheisari AA, Rahimi-fathkoohi A, Toghyani M, Gheisari MM (2010) Effects of organic chelates of zinc, manganese and copper in comparison to their inorganic sources on performance of broiler chickens. J Anim Plant Sci 6:630–636
El-Husseiny OM, Hashish ASM, Arafa RA, Abd El-Samee SA, Olemy AA (2012) Effects of feeding organic zinc, manganese and copper on broiler growth, carcass characteristics, bone quality and mineral content in bone, liver and excreta. Int J Poult Sci 11(6):368–377
Gralak MA, Bogdan D, Lewicka A, Bertrandt J, Kłos A, Agnieszka W, Ciesielska P, Stryczek A, Agata-Morka B (2013) Influence of riboflavin supplementation on liver trace element concentration in trained rats fed low-protein diet. Probl Hig Epidemiol 94(4):839–842
Chen H, Kimura M, Itokawa Y (1997) Changes in iron, calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc levels in different tissues of riboflavin-deficient rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 56(3):311–319
Agte VV, Paknikar KM, Chiplonkar SA (1998) Effect of riboflavin supplementation on zinc and iron absorption and growth performance in mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 65(2):109–115
Mutus MN, Kocabagli MA, Acar N, Eren M, Gezen SS (2006) The effect of dietary probiotic supplementation on tibial bone characteristics and strength in broilers. J Poult Sci 85:1621–1625
Dozier WA, Davis AJ, Freeman ME, Ward TL (2003) Early growth and environmental implications of dietary zinc and copper concentrations and sources of broiler chicks. Br Poult Sci 44:726–731
SAS (2000) SAS users guide. Version 9.1 revised edition, SAS Institute Inc, Carry, North Carolina
Duncan DB (1955) Multiple range and multiple F-Test. Biometrics 11:1–42
Das A, Mishra SK, Swain RK, Sahoo G, Behura NC, Seth K, Chichilichi B, Mishra SR, Behera TD, Hama K, Swain P (2014) Effect of organic minerals supplementation on growth, bioavailability, and immunity in layer chicks. Int J Pharmacol 10:237–247
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge Novus Inc. (Latin America) and Norgem Nigeria Limited for the supply of chelated mineral blend. World Bank Centre of Excellence in Agricultural Development and Sustainable Environment (CEADESE) co-funded this project with the authorities of Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta through the College of Animal Science and Livestock Production (COLANIM) Turkey Committee.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical Approval
All applicable international, national and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.
Informed Consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Salami, S.A., Oluwatosin, O.O., Oso, A.O. et al. Bioavailability of Cu, Zn and Mn from Mineral Chelates or Blends of Inorganic Salts in Growing Turkeys Fed with Supplemental Riboflavin and/or Pyridoxine. Biol Trace Elem Res 173, 168–176 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-016-0618-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-016-0618-2