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Osteonecrosis Complicating Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Compromises Subsequent Acetabular Remodeling

  • Clinical Research
  • Pediatrics
  • Published:
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®

Abstract

Background

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head secondary to treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) affects acetabular remodeling but the magnitude of this effect is unclear.

Questions/purposes

Using four measures of acetabular development, we (1) determined whether acetabular remodeling differed in hips with and without osteonecrosis; and (2) determined the impact of severity of osteonecrosis contributing to acetabular remodeling.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 95 patients (118 hips) treated for DDH by closed or open reduction with or without femoral osteotomy between 1992 and 2006. We evaluated serial radiographs from the time when a stable reduction had been achieved. In 902 radiographs taken over 19 years, we measured the acetabular index and three other indices of hip development. Patients were followed for a mean of 8 years (range, 1–19 years). At last followup, 86 of the 118 hips (73%) had osteonecrosis according to the criteria by Bucholz and Ogden.

Results

The acetabular index improved with time in all hips but the magnitude of improvement was larger in hips without osteonecrosis. The adjusted mean acetabular index at 14 years was 17° for hips with osteonecrosis (95% CI, 15°–18°) and 10° for hips without osteonecrosis (95% CI, 7°–13°). The lateral centering ratio improved after reduction to a normal value less than 0.85 in both groups but the rate of change with 0.06 versus 0.05 was higher in hips with osteonecrosis. The superior centering ratio was worse at all times in hips with osteonecrosis with a mean difference of 0.04. If only radiographic changes of Grades II and greater were considered osteonecrosis, the mean adjusted acetabular index at 14 years was 17.7° (15.6°–19.7°) for hips with osteonecrosis and 12.4° (10.3°–14.4°) for hips without osteonecrosis.

Conclusions

Although radiographic indices improved consistently with time in hips without osteonecrosis, hips with osteonecrosis had abnormal indices of acetabular remodeling throughout followup. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head inhibited acetabular remodeling.

Level of Evidence

Level III, prognostic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

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Acknowledgments

We thank John H. Wedge OC MD FRCS(C) for help in grading radiographs for the presence of osteonecrosis and David H. Jones FRCS for permission to include his former patients in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guildford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK

    Andreas Roposch MD, MSc, FRCS, Deborah Ridout MSc & Evangelia Protopapa MSc

  2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK

    Andreas Roposch MD, MSc, FRCS, Nicholas Nicolaou FRCS & Yael Gelfer MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Andreas Roposch MD, MSc, FRCS
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  2. Deborah Ridout MSc
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  3. Evangelia Protopapa MSc
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  4. Nicholas Nicolaou FRCS
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  5. Yael Gelfer MD, PhD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andreas Roposch MD, MSc, FRCS.

Additional information

Each author certifies that he or she, or a member of his or her immediate family, has no funding or commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article.

All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request.

Each author certifies that his or her institution approved the human protocol for this investigation, that all investigations were conducted in conformity with ethical principles of research, and that informed consent for participation in the study was obtained.

This work was performed at the Institute of Health, University College London, and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.

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Roposch, A., Ridout, D., Protopapa, E. et al. Osteonecrosis Complicating Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Compromises Subsequent Acetabular Remodeling. Clin Orthop Relat Res 471, 2318–2326 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-013-2804-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-013-2804-2

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